Institution
Organon International
About: Organon International is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Tibolone. The organization has 3292 authors who have published 3217 publications receiving 118995 citations.
Topics: Population, Tibolone, Receptor, Desogestrel, Antigen
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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2,484 citations
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TL;DR: A novel estrogen receptor (hereinafter referred to as ERβ) was cloned using degenerate PCR primers and revealed that ERβ is expressed in human thymus, spleen, ovary and testis, and the level of transactivation by 17β‐estradiol is higher for ERα than for ERβ, which may reflect suboptimal conditions for ER β at thelevel of the ligand, responsive element or cellular context.
2,243 citations
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TL;DR: An initiative between the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations and the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods to provide the researcher in the safety evaluation laboratory with an up‐to‐date, easy‐to-use set of data sheets to aid in the study design process.
Abstract: This article is the result of an initiative between the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries Associations (EFPIA) and the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). Its objectives are to provide the researcher in the safety evaluation laboratory with an up-to-date, easy-to-use set of data sheets to aid in the study design process whilst at the same time affording maximum welfare considerations to the experimental animals. Although this article is targeted at researchers in the European Pharmaceutical Industry, it is considered that the principles underpinning the data sets and refinement proposals are equally applicable to all those who use these techniques on animals in their research, whether in research institutes, universities or other sectors of industry. The implications of this article may lead to discussion with regulators, such as those responsible for pharmacopoeial testing. There are numerous publications dealing with the administration of test substances and the removal of blood samples, and many laboratories also have their own "in-house" guidelines that have been developed by custom and practice over many years. Within European Union Directive 86/609EEC1 we have an obligation to refine experiments to cause the minimum amount of stress. We hope that this article will provide background data useful to those responsible for protocol design and review. This guide is based on peer-reviewed publications whenever possible, but where this is not possible we have used "in-house" data and the experience of those on the working party (as well as helpful comments submitted by the industry) for a final opinion. The guide also addresses the continuing need to refine the techniques associated with the administration of substances and the withdrawal of blood, and suggests ways of doing so. Data-sharing between laboratories should be encouraged to avoid duplication of animal work, as well as sharing practical skills concerning animal welfare and scientific problems caused by "overdosing" in some way or another. The recommendations in this guide refer to the "normal" animal, and special consideration is needed, for instance, during pregnancy and lactation. Interpretation of studies may be confounded when large volumes are administered or excessive sampling employed, particularly if anaesthetics are used.
1,238 citations
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1,036 citations
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TL;DR: Two methods for the assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), which employ anti-HCG labelled with horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) are described, analogous to the ‘immunoradiometric’ and the ’sandwich’ radioimmunoassays.
995 citations
Authors
Showing all 3292 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Jack Hirsh | 146 | 734 | 86332 |
Hidde L. Ploegh | 135 | 674 | 67437 |
Allan G Clark | 119 | 928 | 68466 |
Aaron J. W. Hsueh | 114 | 434 | 44292 |
Alan F. Schatzberg | 103 | 521 | 47233 |
Frank Miedema | 85 | 277 | 27445 |
John C. Crabbe | 78 | 360 | 23777 |
Michael Gent | 75 | 161 | 27101 |
Maureen Andrew | 71 | 197 | 18872 |
Timothy L. Ratliff | 69 | 306 | 19092 |
Jaap M. Middeldorp | 68 | 270 | 15114 |
Jurriaan Huskens | 65 | 492 | 16362 |
Shin-Ichiro Nishimura | 65 | 633 | 20481 |
Miquel Solà | 63 | 459 | 15788 |
E.R. de Kloet | 60 | 146 | 13570 |