Showing papers by "University of New Mexico published in 1985"
[...]
TL;DR: A review of active and passive ring laser devices is given in this paper, with special emphasis given to the problems associated with the achievement of greater sensitivity and stability with respect to the ring laser gyroscope.
Abstract: This paper presents a review of both active and passive ring laser devices. The operating principles of the ring laser are developed and discussed, with special emphasis given to the problems associated with the achievement of greater sensitivity and stability. First-principle treatments of the nature of quantum noise in the ring laser gyro and various methods designed to avoid low-rotation-rate lock-in are presented. Descriptions of state-of-the-art devices and current and proposed applications (including a proposed test of metric theories of gravity using a passive cavity ring laser) are given.
562 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a coupled mode formulation for parallel dielectric waveguides is described, and the results apply to any guided modes (TE, TM, or hybrid) in waveguide of arbitrary cross-section, dissimilar index, and non-identical shape.
Abstract: A new coupled mode formulation for parallel dielectric waveguides is described. The results apply to any guided modes (TE, TM, or hybrid) in waveguides of arbitrary cross-section, dissimilar index, and nonidentical shape. Additional index perturbations not included within the waveguides are encompassed by the theory. Propagation constants and mode patterns for the coupled modes computed according to this theory are shown to agree very well with numerical solutions for the system modes when the latter can be determined. Moreover, the new results are more accurate than those obtained from prior coupled mode formulations. It is shown that even for Iossless guides the coupling coefficients from waveguide "b" to "a" and from "a" to "b," described by k ab and k ba respectively, are not related by their complex conjugates if the guides are not identical.
435 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, le point sur les controverses concernant le comportement des premiers hominides, en particulier l'interpretation des assemblages de faune de Koobi Fora, Olduvai, Klasies River Mouth, etc.
342 citations
TL;DR: A model is suggested in which granule cells are produced continuously throughout life and control of the total number of granules cells is effected chiefly through the rate of cell death.
Abstract: The population dynamics of internal granule cells in the rat olfactory bulb during adult life were analyzed in histological sections and in autoradiograms with (1) counts of granule cells, (2) counts of labeled granule cells 1 month after injection of 3H-thymidine at various ages, and (3) counts of labeled granule cells at varying survival times (up to 18 months) after injection at 3 months and 24 months. The total number of granule cells increases linearly throughout life, approximately doubling between 3 and 31 months. Autoradiographic studies show that the rate of production of new granule cells decreases from 3 to 12 months and then is approximately constant during the rest of the life span. The number of labeled cells found 6 months after injection at 3 and 24 months is about one-fourth and one-half, respectively, that of the number at a 1-month survival, suggesting that many of the cells produced to do not survive. However, at least some granule cells labeled at 3 months survive for 18 months. A model is suggested in which granule cells are produced continuously throughout life and control of the total number of granule cells is effected chiefly through the rate of cell death.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a doubly resonant laser cavity driven by such atomic configurations can have vanishing diffusion coefficient for the relative phase angle for the Hanle effect in quantum beat and Hanleeffect experiments.
Abstract: In quantum-beat and Hanle-effect experiments, spontaneous-emission events from two coherently excited states are strongly correlated. A doubly resonant laser cavity driven by such atomic configurations can have vanishing diffusion coefficient for the relative phase angle.
192 citations
TL;DR: There was a significant correlation between masculinity-femininity and pain, where higher masculinity was associated with higher pain thresholds, but this finding did not account for the sex difference in pain threshold.
Abstract: This study investigated the relationship between measured levels of masculinity-femininity, social desirability, and responsivity to pain in men and women. The literature suggests that the two personality variables might provide an explanation for the common findings of higher pain thresholds and tolerances in men than in women. A significant interaction was found between masculinity-femininity and sex for pain thresholds. Analysis of this interaction indicated that for men, but not women, there was a significant correlation between masculinity-femininity and pain, where higher masculinity was associated with higher pain thresholds. However, this finding did not account for the sex difference in pain threshold. The sex of the subject remained a significant predictor of both pain thresholds and tolerances after allowing for the influence of masculinity-femininity, social desirability, and their associated interactions.
187 citations
TL;DR: In this article, K-Ar dating and morphometric, sedimentologic, pedologic, and geophysical studies of basaltic lava flows in the eastern Mojave Desert are presented.
Abstract: Landscape evolution in the eastern Mojave Desert is recorded by systematic changes in Pliocene to latest Pleistocene volcanic land-forms that show discrete periods of eolian deposition, surface stabilization, drainage-network expansion, and erosion on basaltic lava flows. These processes are documented by K-Ar dating in conjunction with morphometric, sedimentologic, pedologic, and geophysical studies. Lava-flow surfaces are composed of constructional bedrock highs and accretionary eolian mantles with overlying stone pavements. The stratigraphy of these mantles records episodic, climatically induced influxes of eolian fines derived from playa floors and distal piedmont regions. The relative proportions of mantle and exposed bedrock vary with flow age, and flows between 0.25 and 0.75 m.y. old support the most extensive eolian mantle and pavement reflecting landscape stability. Drainage networks evolve on flows by (1) rapid initial extension, (2) maximum extension and elaboration, and (3) abstraction of drainage. Increases in bedrock exposures and erosion of the eolian mantle on flows >0.70 m.y. old coincide with maximum drainage extension and significant changes in soil and hydrologic properties within this mantle. Increasing the content of pedogenic clay and CaCO 3 causes the accretionary mantle9s permeability to decrease; decreased mantle permeability promotes increased runoff, surface erosion, and drainage development. In the late Cenozoic landscape evolution of lava flows, four major stages reflect variations in landscape stability that are controlled by the impact of episodic influxes of eolian fines and increasing soil-profile development on infiltration-runoff properties of the flow surfaces.
181 citations
TL;DR: Percutaneous stone removal has been performed successfully in 7 children, none of whom required a second procedure or were discharged from the hospital with a nephrostomy tube.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown how to use a path-controlled manipulator to achieve a swing-free motion for a simply suspended object, where the trajectory consists of an initial acceleration to an intermediate velocity, then a secondary acceleration to final velocity.
Abstract: Objects which cannot be directly grasped by the end effector of a robot manipulator and must be carried by a hook or similar device are susceptible to swinging during transport. For a simply suspended object, it is possible to use a path-controlled manipulator to achieve a swing-free motion. The trajectory consists of an initial acceleration to an intermediate velocity, then a secondary acceleration to final velocity. An experimental demonstration of the method is presented.
172 citations
TL;DR: There appeared to be a threshold of concentration for each protein below which there was no killing of bacteria, and Cirrhotic ascites had significantly lower concentrations of total protein and complement and less opsonic activity than noncirrhotic Ascites (including malignant, cardiac and miscellaneous types).
164 citations
TL;DR: Low diversity of predators and high levels of food may compensate in part for the reduced sprinting ability of highelevation lizards active at low body temperatures, which supports the view that lizard thermal physiology is evolutionarily conservative.
Abstract: The thermal sensitivity of sprint-running ability was investigated in two populations of Sceloporus undulatus that occupy thermally distinct habitats. Integration of field and laboratory data indicates that lizards inhabiting a cool, high-elevation habitat are frequently active at body temperatures that retard sprint-running velocity, which could affect adversely their ability to evade predators and to capture prey. These negative effects might be expected to select for local adaptation of thermal physiology. No differences in thermal physiology (optimal temperature for sprinting, critical thermal limits) were found, however, between lizards from the two habitats.Preferred body temperature of Sceloporus undulatus is lower than the body temperature that maximizes sprint velocity but is still well within an 'optimal performance range' where lizards can run at better than 95% of maximum velocity. Analysis of data from other studies shows a similar concordance of preferred body temperature and temperatures that maximize sprint velocity for some, but not all lizard species studied.Low diversity of predators and high levels of food may compensate in part for the reduced sprinting ability of highelevation lizards active at low body temperatures. The lack of population differentiation supports the view that lizard thermal physiology is evolutionarily conservative.
TL;DR: There is considerable evidence that nitrates have important direct effects on the coronary circulation in both the normal and the ischemic heart, including coronary artery dilation, increased collateral blood flow, and enhanced oxygenation and nutrient perfusion to zones of ischemia.
01 Jan 1985
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The lipoxygenase products LTB4 and 15 HPETE stimulate both the function and the proliferation of the cytotoxic-suppressor T cell subset.
Abstract: The lipoxygenase products LTB4 and 15 HPETE have been reported to stimulate T suppressor cell function and also to inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into mitogen-stimulated T cells. This present report documents that although these compounds do indeed inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation into unfractionated T cells, they significantly enhance [3H]thymidine incorporation into T cell preparation enriched for cells bearing the cytotoxic suppressor cell phenotype identified by the OKT8 monoclonal antibody. The mitogen response of T cells enriched for OKT4+ helper-inducer cells is inhibited in manner similar to the response of unfractionated T cells. Thus, LTB4 and 15 HPETE stimulate both the function and the proliferation of the cytotoxic-suppressor T cell subset.
TL;DR: A review of his analysis indicates that early twentieth century interpretations of skeletal morphology combined with Boule's evolutionary preconceptions were responsible for his mistaken view of Neandertal posture.
Abstract: The depiction of the Neandertals as incompletely erect was based primarily on Boule's (1911, 1912a, 1913) analysis of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 partial skeleton. The inaccurate aspects of Boule's postural reconstruction were corrected during the 1950s. However, it has come to be believed, following Straus and Cave (1957), that Boule's errors of reconstruction were due to the diseased condition of the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 remains, rather than to Boule's misinterpretation of morphology. The abnormalities on the La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 postcranium include: lower cervical, upper thoracic, and lower thoracic intervertebral degenerative joint disease (DJD), a distal fracture of a mid-thoracic rib, extensive DJD of the left hip, DJD of the right fifth proximal interphalangeal articulation, bilateral humeral head eburnation, and minor exostosis formation on the right humerus, ulna, and radius. These were associated with extensive alveolar inflammation including apical abscesses and antemortem tooth loss, some temporomandibular DJD, bilateral auditory exostoses, and minimal occipital condyle DJD. None of these abnormalities significantly affected Boule's Neandertal postural reconstruction, and a review of his analysis indicates that early twentieth century interpretations of skeletal morphology (primarily of the cranium, cervical vertebrae, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, proximal femora and tibiae, posterior tarsals, and hallucial tarsometatarsal joint), combined with Boule's evolutionary preconceptions, were responsible for his mistaken view of Neandertal posture.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors hypothesize that these valley types originated through the interaction of ground ice and hot springs located along the permeable fringes of slowly cooling impact melts, and that these valleys grew by a combination of headward sapping and down-valley water and ice fluid flow.
Abstract: At least two classes of small valleys (subparallel slope ravines and flat-floored branching valleys) shown on Viking imagery of Mars exhibit spatial relationships to impact structures. Cessation of their formation at the terminus of the heavy bombardment period, about 3.8 Ga, also implies a causal relationship between valley formation and cratering. We hypothesize that these valley types originated through the interaction of ground ice and hot springs located along the permeable fringes of slowly cooling impact melts. The valleys grew by a combination of headward sapping and down-valley water and ice fluid flow. The probable widespread operation of impact-related hydrothermal systems early in Mars history indicates that it is not necessary to infer atmospheric changes to explain valley origin.
TL;DR: Large doses of opiate analgesics or an increase in endogenous opiate peptides related to severe persistent pain might be contributing factors to the pituitary-testicular hypofunction found in burned men.
Abstract: Plasma total testosterone, free testosterone, LH, and sex hormone-binding globulin (testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin) were measured in adult men hospitalized for treatment of burns. Total testosterone was below the normal range in 37 of 41 patients. Free and total testosterone levels declined very rapidly after the burn, remained low for weeks, and rose toward the end of hospitalization, but usually had not reached normal levels at discharge. The more severe the burns, the lower were the testosterone levels. LH levels were below normal during the first 4 days after the burn and remained in the low or mid normal range thereafter. Sex hormone-binding globulin levels were normal or slightly low. The data suggest the presence of a central defect in the release of LH. Large doses of opiate analgesics or an increase in endogenous opiate peptides related to severe persistent pain might be contributing factors to the pituitary-testicular hypofunction found in burned men.
Book•
[...]
TL;DR: In this paper, Miller systematically explores the various dimensions of the shame experience and the complex relationships between shame and female sexual development, shame and phallic inhibition, and shame and orality are among the topics critically reexamined.
Abstract: Drawing on a series of in-depth interviews illuminating the phenomenology of shame in the general public, Miller systematically explores the various dimensions of the shame experience. The complex relationships between shame and female sexual development, shame and phallic inhibition, and shame and orality are among the topics critically reexamined.
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of pedogenic iron oxyhydroxides in suites of latest Holocene to middle Pleistocene soils formed on fluvial deposits of the transverse ranges, southern California, indicate that the content and composition of iron oxy hydroxide change in a systematic manner.
TL;DR: A symbol manipulation program in VAXIMA is written that has as input the formula for the given differential equation in some natural coordinates and has as output the required FORTRAN subroutines that will tabulate the coefficients of these differential equations using the tabulated coordinate transformation.
TL;DR: The results described in the present review support the concept that intracellular lipid transfer is a highly specific process, far more substrate-specific than suggested by the earlier studies conducted using liposomal techniques.
TL;DR: In adult cats with bilateral visual cortex ablation the complete deficit in binocular depth perception, as measured on a visual cliff, was reversed by 4 doses of amphetamine, and both amphetamine intoxication and visual experience are simultaneously required for recovery of binocular Depth perception after visual cortex Ablation.
TL;DR: Mice immunized with B lymphocytes obtained from patients who had had well-documented rheumatic fever in the past yielded 2 monoclonal antibodies, termed 83S19.23 and 256S10, which identified certain alloantigens present on the B cells of these patients, suggesting the presence of a diallelic genetic marker for susceptibility to rhematic fever.
Abstract: Mice immunized with B lymphocytes obtained from patients who had had well-documented rheumatic fever in the past yielded 2 monoclonal antibodies, termed 83S19.23 and 256S10, which identified certain alloantigens present on the B cells of these patients. The frequency of the B cell marker detected by clone 83S19.23 in rheumatic fever patients was found to be 59%, 77%, and 74% in India, New Mexico, and New York, respectively. Monoclonal antibody 256S10 identified 75% of those rheumatic fever patients who were nonreactive to clone 83S19.23. Thus, the 2 antibodies identify approximately 92% of all rheumatic fever patients and suggest the presence of a diallelic genetic marker for susceptibility to rheumatic fever.
TL;DR: Within this historical/cultural context, drug and alcohol abuse exist as major problems for Indian people and interventions in Indian communities must be congruent with the current movement toward self-determination.
Abstract: (1985). Drug and Alcohol Abuse Intervention in American Indian Communities. International Journal of the Addictions: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 139-171.
TL;DR: This article examined the effect of defendant and case characteristics on sentence severity for 3,269 male robbery and burglary defendants who either pled guilty or were tried in six U.S. jurisdictions, three of which had recently attempted to eliminate or greatly reduce plea bargaining and three with few restrictions on plea bargaining.
Abstract: Despite the frequency of guilty pleas, researchers disagree about the ability of plea bargaining to provide justice. Critics argue that plea bargaining deprives defendants of due process rights and procedural safeguards Proponents argue that guilty pleas save resources for cases that require trial and allow officials flexibility to tailor justice to individual defendants. This article explores these issues by examining the effect of defendant and case characteristics on sentence severity for 3,269 male robbery and burglary defendants who either pled guilty or were tried in six U.S. jurisdictions, three of which had recently attempted to eliminate or greatly reduce plea bargaining and three with few restrictions on plea bargaining. The results confirm some criticisms of plea bargaining, but refute others. More criminally experienced defendants and defendants who pled guilty at the earliest opportunity did not receive sentencing leniency. Moreover, to a large extent, the same variables predict sentence severity for guilty pleas and trials. In contrast, the results show that defendants convicted at trial received more severe sanctions than defendants who pled guilty, controlling for case severity, evidence, and offender characteristics The results also suggest that the jurisdictions which attempted to control plea bargaining through more centralized control of assistance succeeded in tightening the fit between case characteristics and sentences for both cases adjudicated by guilty plea and trial.
TL;DR: In this paper, the long-term stability of nuclear waste form borosilicate glasses was predicted from extrapolations of short-term laboratory data and then verified by comparing the glasses with their natural analogues of geological age.
Abstract: The long-term stability of nuclear waste form borosilicate glasses must be predicted from extrapolations of short-term laboratory data and then verified, which is only possible by comparing the glasses with their natural analogues of geological age. Here, we suggest that basalt glasses are useful analogues for predicting the long-term behaviour of nuclear waste form borosilicate glasses. Previous workers1–11 have considered the possibility of using natural glasses as analogues, but our study is a direct comparison of the experimentally studied corrosion products of basalt glasses, their natural long-term corrosion products and those of borosilicate glasses. Observations on the alteration processes for natural basalt glasses are combined with the experimental data on the alteration of basalt glasses and borosilicate glasses and are used to generate radioactivity release curves for nuclear waste form borosilicate glasses using the QTERM computer code12–15. Our data on natural glasses place significant constraints on the anticipated fraction of activity released; major differences between our two release curves do not occur until after 1,000 years.
01 Jan 1985
TL;DR: Synovial tissues were studied, using immunofluorescence techniques, for localization of lymphocytic infiltrates and immune reactants, including C3, C5b-9, C9, and Ia antigen, and stained both for IL-2 and for gamma-interferon was surprisingly faint.
Abstract: Synovial tissues were studied, using immunofluorescence techniques, for localization of lymphocytic infiltrates and immune reactants, including C3, C5b-9, C9, and Ia antigen. Tissue distribution of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon was also determined, using mouse monoclonal antibodies. IL-2 was found in association with OKT8 and OKT4 T cells, and gamma-interferon was noted in association with T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Staining both for IL-2 and for gamma-interferon was surprisingly faint in view of the intensity of lymphocytic infiltration.
TL;DR: The results of the sequence comparisons reported here strongly support the generality of the "unstructured binding site" hypothesis for rho-dependent termination.
Abstract: The interaction of E. coli termination factor rho with the nascent RNA transcript appears to be a central feature of the rho-dependent transcription termination process. Based on in vitro studies of the rho-dependent termination of the transcript initiated at the PR promoter of bacteriophage lambda, and on earlier studies, Morgan, Bear and von Hippel (J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9565-9574, 1983) proposed a model defining the features of a potential binding site for rho protein on transcripts subject to rho-dependent termination. This model suggested that an effective rho binding site on a nascent RNA transcript should be: (i) greater than 70-80 nucleotide residues in length; (ii) essentially unencumbered with stable secondary structure; (iii) relatively sequence non-specific; and (iv) located within a few hundred nucleotide residues upstream of the potential rho-dependent terminus. In this paper we examine the sequences and secondary structures of several transcripts that exhibit rho-dependent termination to test this hypothesis further. Unstructured regions of approximately the expected size and location were found on all the transcripts examined. Though several short specific sequence elements were found to occur in a very similar arrangement on the lambda PR- and lambda PL-initiated transcripts of lambda phage, no such elements of sequence regularity were found on any of the other rho-dependent transcripts. The results of the sequence comparisons reported here strongly support the generality of the "unstructured binding site" hypothesis for rho-dependent termination.
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found that any evidence of victims' drinking, drug use, or sexual activity outside of marriage 6Id jurors to doubt the defendant's guilt in sexual assault trials.
Abstract: Feminists argue that rape laws and their application are explained by social rules requiring women to conform to conservative sex-role norms and defining them as the sexual property of men. We operationalized and tested some of these arguments with data on 360 jurors who served in rape trials. Courtroom observations led us to distinguish trials in which the major issue was whether a sexual assault occurred (consent or "no sex" cases) from trials in which the occurrence of a sexual assault was not disputed (identification and diminished responsibility cases). Consistent with feminist views, we found that in the consent and no sex cases, any evidence of victims' drinking, drug use, or sexual activity outside of marriage 6Id jurors to doubt the defendant's guilt. However, our measures of victim's sex-role behavior had little effect on jurors' judgments in the identification-responsibility cases. Moreover, measures of evidence did not affect jurors' reactions in the consent-no sex cases, but were paramount in the identificationresponsibility cases. By taking into account the specific legal issue disputed in sexual assault trials, our research specifies recent feminist arguments about rape.