Institution
University of the Ryukyus
Education•Okinawa, Japan•
About: University of the Ryukyus is a education organization based out in Okinawa, Japan. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Electric power system. The organization has 6726 authors who have published 13774 publications receiving 261846 citations. The organization is also known as: Ryūkyū Daigaku.
Topics: Population, Electric power system, Coral reef, Coral, Reef
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Daniel J. Klionsky1, Fábio Camargo Abdalla2, Hagai Abeliovich3, Robert T. Abraham4 +1284 more•Institutions (463)
TL;DR: These guidelines are presented for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes.
Abstract: In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
4,316 citations
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University of British Columbia1, East Kent Hospitals University Nhs Foundation Trust2, Newcastle University3, Johns Hopkins University4, University of Groningen5, University of York6, University of Calgary7, University of the Ryukyus8, Tufts University9, University of California, San Francisco10, Peking University11, University of Oxford12
3,645 citations
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Daniel J. Klionsky1, Hagai Abeliovich2, Patrizia Agostinis3, Devendra K. Agrawal4 +232 more•Institutions (137)
TL;DR: A set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes are presented.
Abstract: Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,(1) and as a result many new scientists are entering the field Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose(2,3) There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi) Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response
2,310 citations
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TL;DR: A neodymium oxide with relative 143Nd/144Nd ratio 1.000503±1(1 σm) to LaJolla Nd was prepared as a new isotopic reference as mentioned in this paper.
1,431 citations
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Osaka University1, Asahikawa Medical College2, Dokkyo Medical University3, University of Tokyo4, Ehime University5, Tohoku University6, Kurume University7, Jichi Medical University8, Nagoya City University9, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine10, Keio University11, Sapporo Medical University12, Saitama Medical University13, University of the Ryukyus14, Niigata University15, Shiga University of Medical Science16, Yokohama City University17
TL;DR: The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management ofhypertension (JSH 2009) provide guidelines for the management ofpertension in patients with high blood pressure.
Abstract: The Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension (JSH 2009)
1,409 citations
Authors
Showing all 6766 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Se-Kwon Kim | 102 | 763 | 39344 |
Laurent Keller | 85 | 360 | 26049 |
Takashi Yamamoto | 84 | 1401 | 35169 |
Mitsuhiro Osame | 76 | 565 | 22433 |
J. David Curb | 70 | 182 | 22831 |
Mutsumi Nishida | 68 | 342 | 14867 |
Charles R. M. Bangham | 68 | 267 | 16196 |
I. Bernard Weinstein | 67 | 260 | 15899 |
Hiroyuki Osada | 67 | 651 | 18192 |
Graham P. Taylor | 67 | 365 | 15282 |
Robert Sinclair | 66 | 505 | 16981 |
Takashi Uchiyama | 65 | 317 | 19261 |
Chiea Chuen Khor | 64 | 286 | 16634 |
Michael D. Jennions | 64 | 237 | 18502 |
Shigeru Kuratani | 63 | 241 | 11842 |