University of Twente

About: University of Twente is a education organization based out in Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Population. The organization has 15890 authors who have published 39988 publications receiving 1173424 citations. The organization is also known as: Universiteit Twente.

Osteoinductive biomaterials--properties and relevance in bone repair.

Abstract: The need for bone tissue regeneration is continuously expanding due to the improvement of life quality and the consequent increase in life expectancy. Although natural bone grafts have shown excellent clinical successes, their use is associated with some important drawbacks, limited availability being one of the most important. Cell- and growth-factor based tissue engineering provides a promising alternative to natural bone grafts; however, the performance of tissue-engineered constructs often depends on the used carrier. An important challenge in the field of bone regeneration is the development of synthetic bone graft substitutes that are intelligent in that they are able to instruct the in vivo environment to form bone. A group of potentially intelligent bone graft substitutes are osteoinductive biomaterials. In this paper, background on the phenomenon of osteoinduction and an overview of synthetic biomaterials with osteoinductive potential are given. Furthermore, we elaborate on physicochemical properties of biomaterials that are of influence on their osteoinductive potential. Finally, we discuss the relevance of osteoinductivity of biomaterials in the repair of clinically relevant bone defects.

Human computing and machine understanding of human behavior: a survey

Abstract: A widely accepted prediction is that computing will move to the background, weaving itself into the fabric of our everyday living spaces and projecting the human user into the foreground. If this prediction is to come true, then next generation computing, which we will call human computing, should be about anticipatory user interfaces that should be human-centered, built for humans based on human models. They should transcend the traditional keyboard and mouse to include natural, human-like interactive functions including understanding and emulating certain human behaviors such as affective and social signaling. This article discusses a number of components of human behavior, how they might be integrated into computers, and how far we are from realizing the front end of human computing, that is, how far are we from enabling computers to understand human behavior.

Perpendicular hot electron spin-valve effect in a new magnetic field sensor: The spin-valve transistor.

Abstract: A new magnetic field sensor is presented, based on perpendicular hot electron transport in a giant magnetoresistance (Co/Cu)4 multilayer, which serves as a base region of an n-silicon metal-base transistor structure. A 215% change in collector current is found in 500 Oe (77 K), with typical characteristics of the spin-valve effect. The in-plane magnetoresistance was only 3%. The transistor structure allows the investigation of energy resolved perpendicular transport properties, and in particular spin-dependent scattering of hot electrons in transition-metal as well as rare-earth-based multilayers.