Journal ArticleDOI
A comparative study of the human urinary mycotoxin excretion patterns in Bangladesh, Germany, and Haiti using a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS approach.
Johannes Gerding,Nurshad Ali,Jeremy Schwartzbord,Benedikt Cramer,Dan L. Brown,Gisela H. Degen,Hans-Ulrich Humpf +6 more
TLDR
The detection of individual mycotoxin exposure by biomarker-based approaches is a meaningful addition to the classical monitoring of the mycotoxins content of the food supply.Abstract:
An improved "dilute and shoot" LC-MS/MS multibiomarker approach was used to monitor urinary excretion of 23 mycotoxins and their metabolites in hu- man populations from Asia (Bangladesh), Europe (Ger- many), and the Caribbean region (Haiti). Deoxynivalenol (DON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucuronide (DON-3-GlcA), T-2-toxin (T-2), HT-2-toxin (HT-2), HT-2-toxin-4- glucuronide (HT-2-4-GlcA), fumonisin B1 (FB1), afla- toxins (AFB1 ,A FB2 ,A FG1, AFG2 ,A FM1), zearalenone (ZEA), zearalanone (ZAN), their urinary metabolites α- zearalanol (α-ZEL) and β-zearalanol (β-ZEL), and cor- responding 14-O-glucuronic acid conjugates (ZEA-14- GlcA, ZAN-14-GlcA, β-ZEL, α/β-ZEL-14-GlcA), och- ratoxin A (OTA), and ochratoxin alpha (OTα )a s well as enniatin B (EnB) and dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) were among these compounds. Eight urinary mycotoxin biomarkers were detected (AFM1, DH-CIT, DON, DON-GLcA, EnB, FB1 ,O TA, andα-ZEL). DON and DON-GlcA were exclusively detected in urines from Germany and Haiti whereas urinary OTA and DH-CIT concentrations were significantly higher in Bangladeshi samples. AFM1 was present in samples from Bangladesh and Haiti only. Exposure was estimated by the calcula- tion of probable daily intakes (PDI), and estimates sug- gested occasional instances of toxin intakes that exceed established tolerable daily intakes (TDI). The detection of individual mycotoxin exposure by biomarker-based approaches is a meaningful addition to the classical mon- itoring of the mycotoxin content of the food supply.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Worldwide Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Derived Food Products: Public Health Perspectives of Their Co-occurrence.
Hyun Jung Lee,Dojin Ryu +1 more
TL;DR: Information on the co-occurrence of mycotoxins and their interactive toxicity is summarized in this paper and is likely to pose a significant threat to public health, particularly to infants and young children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risks to human and animal health related to the presence of deoxynivalenol and its acetylated and modified forms in food and feed
Helle Katrine Knutsen,Jan Alexander,Lars Barregård,Margherita Bignami,Beat Johannes Brüschweiler,Sandra Ceccatelli,Bruce Cottrill,Michael Dinovi,Bettina Grasl-Kraupp,Christer Hogstrand,Laurentius Hoogenboom,Carlo Nebbia,Isabelle P Oswald,Annette Petersen,Martin Rose,Alain-Claude Roudot,Tanja Schwerdtle,Christiane Vleminckx,Günter Vollmer,Heather M. Wallace,Sarah De Saeger,Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen,Peter B. Farmer,Jean-Marc Fremy,Yun Yun Gong,Karsten Meyer,Hanspeter Naegeli,Dominique Parent-Massin,Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens,Hans P. van Egmond,Andrea Altieri,Mari Eskola,Petra Gergelova,Luisa Ramos Bordajandi,Bistra Benkova,Barbara Dörr,Athanasios Gkrillas,Nicklas Gustavsson,Mathijs van Manen,Lutz Edler +39 more
TL;DR: The estimated mean chronic dietary exposure was above the group‐TDI in infants, toddlers and other children, and at high exposure also in adolescents and adults, indicating a potential health concern.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ochratoxin A: 50 Years of Research
TL;DR: Careful analyses of the data show that OTA carcinogenic effects are due to combined direct and indirect mechanisms (e.g., genotoxicity, oxidative stress, epigenetic factors), which provides strong evidence that Ota carcinogenicity can also occur in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food
Dieter Schrenk,Margherita Bignami,Laurent Bodin,James K. Chipman,Jesús del Mazo,Bettina Grasl-Kraupp,Christer Hogstrand,Laurentius Hoogenboom,Jean-Charles Leblanc,Carlo Nebbia,Elsa Nielsen,Evangelia E. Ntzani,Annette Petersen,Salomon Sand,Tanja Schwerdtle,Christiane Vleminckx,Doris Marko,Isabelle P. Oswald,Aldert H. Piersma,Michael Routledge,Josef Rudolf Schlatter,Katleen Baert,Petra Gergelova,Heather M. Wallace +23 more
TL;DR: The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in‐line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs, and the conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mycotoxins co-contamination: Methodological aspects and biological relevance of combined toxicity studies.
Imourana Alassane-Kpembi,Gerd Schatzmayr,Ionelia Taranu,Daniela Eliza Marin,Olivier Puel,Isabelle P. Oswald +5 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that well-addressed in vitro studies remain valuable tools for the screening of interactive potential in mycotoxin mixtures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: In this review, occurrence and toxicology of the main mycotoxins are summarised, and methodological approaches for exposure assessment are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regulations relating to mycotoxins in food
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Journal ArticleDOI
Emerging Fusarium -Mycotoxins Fusaproliferin, Beauvericin, Enniatins, And Moniliformin—A Review
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Journal ArticleDOI
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water
TL;DR: This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the setting of dietary reference values for water for specific age groups, and the same AIs as for adults are defined for the elderly.