Journal ArticleDOI
A practical and user-friendly toxicity classification system with microbiotests for natural waters and wastewaters.
Guido Persoone,Blahoslav Maršálek,Irina Blinova,Andrea Törökné,Dzidra Zarina,Levonas Manusadzianas,Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki,Lucica Tofan,Nadejda Stepanova,Livia Tothova,Boris Kolar +10 more
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TLDR
An alternative toxicity classification system that was easier to apply and substantially more cost effective than any of the earlier methods was developed and applied in the framework of a cooperation agreement between the Flemish community in Belgium and central and eastern Europe.Abstract:
Various types of toxicity classification systems have been elaborated by scientists in different countries, with the aim of attributing a hazard score to polluted environments or toxic wastewaters or of ranking them in accordance with increasing levels of toxicity. All these systems are based on batteries of standard acute toxicity tests (several of them including chronic assays as well) and are therefore dependent on the culturing and maintenance of live stocks of test organisms. Most systems require performance of the bioassays on dilution series of the original samples, for subsequent calculation of L(E)C50 or threshold toxicity values. Given the complexity and costs of these toxicity measurements, they can only be applied in well-equipped and highly specialized laboratories, and none of the classification methods so far has found general acceptance at the international level. The development of microbiotests that are independent of continuous culturing of live organisms has stimulated international collaboration. Coordinated at Ghent University, Belgium, collaboration by research groups from 10 countries in central and eastern Europe resulted in an alternative toxicity classification system that was easier to apply and substantially more cost effective than any of the earlier methods. This new system was developed and applied in the framework of a cooperation agreement between the Flemish community in Belgium and central and eastern Europe. The toxicity classification system is based on a battery of (culture-independent) microbiotests and is particularly suited for routine monitoring. It indeed only requires testing on undiluted samples of natural waters or wastewaters discharged into the aquatic environment, except for wastewaters that demonstrate more than 50% effect. The scoring system ranks the waters or wastewaters in 5 classes of increasing hazard/toxicity, with calculation of a weight factor for the concerned hazard/toxicity class. The new classification system was applied during 2000 by the participating laboratories on samples of river water, groundwaters, drinking waters, mine waters, sediment pore waters, industrial effluents, soil leachates, and waste dump leachates and was found to be easy to apply and reliable.read more
Citations
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A “toolbox” for biological and chemical monitoring requirements for the European Union's Water Framework Directive
TL;DR: Emerging biological and chemical monitoring tools that may become part of a 'toolbox' of techniques for use by those in charge of assessing water quality are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
The conversion of sewage sludge into biochar reduces polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content and ecotoxicity but increases trace metal content
Anna Zielińska,Patryk Oleszczuk +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated whether pyrolysis affects the total quantity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sewage sludge-derived biochars.
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Estimation of the environmental risk posed by landfills using chemical, microbiological and ecotoxicological testing of leachates.
Marek Matejczyk,Grażyna Płaza,Grzegorz Nałęcz-Jawecki,Krzysztof Ulfig,Agata Markowska-Szczupak +4 more
TL;DR: From the analysis of specific microorganism groups (indicators of environmental pollution by pathogenic or opportunistic pathogenic organisms) it can be concluded that the landfill leachates showed sanitary and epidemiological hazard.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bioassays for toxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate: A review
TL;DR: From the review it appears that there is a need for a multispecies approach to evaluate leachate toxicity, and different bioassays available for assessing the hazard posed by landfill leachates are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of toxicity, genotoxicity and environmental risk of simulated textile and tannery wastewaters with a battery of biotests.
Valeria Tigini,Pietro Giansanti,Antonella Mangiavillano,A Pannocchia,Giovanna Cristina Varese +4 more
TL;DR: The toxicity of four simulated textile and tannery wastewaters was evaluated by means of a battery of seven bioassays, using organisms that belong to different trophic levels, which resulted in a synergistic effect of wastewater toxicity.
References
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The sediment quality triad approach to determining pollution-induced degradation
TL;DR: The combination of potential cause (chemistry) and effect (biology) measurements makes the Sediment Quality Triad one of the most complete and powerful tools available today to determine the extent and significance of pollution-induced degradation.
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Sediment quality criteria from the sediment quality triad: An example
TL;DR: Broad-scale comparative data for sediment chemistry, sediment bioassays and bottom fish histopathology are used to derive quantitative site-specific sediment criteria for three representative chemical contaminants in Puget Sound, Washington.
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Acute toxicity bioassays using rotifers. II. A freshwater test with Brachionus rubens
Terry W. Snell,Guido Persoone +1 more
TL;DR: The rotifer Brachionus rubens hatched from cysts is used in a simple protocol that provides for LC50 calculation and yields highly repeatable results, making it a useful new tool for routine assessment of aquatic toxicity of chemicals and effluents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiotests in aquatic ecotoxicology: Characteristics, utility, and prospects
TL;DR: The major characteristics that advantageously confer popularity on microbiotests are presented and 25 currently applied aquatic toxicityMicrobiotesting research, development, and applications will continue to surge in the 1990s, driven, among other factors, by the imperative need for cost effectiveness in environmental programs.