Journal ArticleDOI
Attraction, deterrence or intoxication of bees (Apis mellifera) by plant allelochemicals
Andreas Detzel,Michael Wink +1 more
TLDR
The data show that bees which are confronted with plant allelochemicals in nectar and pollen, are not especially adapted (i.e. insensitive) to the plants' defence chemistry.Abstract:
The influence of 63 dietary allelochemicals (alkaloids, terpenes, glycosides,etc.) on the feeding behaviour of bees (Apis mellifera) was tested in terms of deterrency and attraction. For 39 compounds a deterrent (mostly alkaloids, coumarins and saponins) and for 3 compounds an attractive response (mostly terpenes) was obtained in choice tests, which allowed the calculation of respective ED50-values. Under no-choice conditions, 17 out of 29 allelochemicals caused mortality at concentrations between 0.003 and 0.6%. Especially toxic were alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and cyanogenic glycosides. These data show that bees which are confronted with plant allelochemicals in nectar and pollen, are not especially adapted (i.e. insensitive) to the plants' defence chemistry. GLC and GLS-MS data are given on the alkaloid composition of nectar and pollen ofBrugmansia aurea, Atropa belladonna andLupinus polyphyllus.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Plant Defense Against Herbivores: Chemical Aspects
Axel Mithöfer,Wilhelm Boland +1 more
TL;DR: Recognizing the herbivore challenge and precise timing of plant activities as well as the adaptive modulation of the plants' metabolism is important so that metabolites and energy may be efficiently allocated to defensive activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates
L. Pisa,V. Amaral-Rogers,Luc P. Belzunces,Jean-Marc Bonmatin,Craig A. Downs,Dave Goulson,David P. Kreutzweiser,Christian H. Krupke,Matthias Liess,Melanie McField,Christy A. Morrissey,D. A. Noome,Josef Settele,Noa Simon-Delso,Noa Simon-Delso,John D. Stark,J.P. van der Sluijs,J.P. van der Sluijs,H Van Dyck,Martin Wiemers +19 more
TL;DR: Enough knowledge exists to conclude that existing levels of pollution with neonicotinoids and fipronil resulting from presently authorized uses frequently exceed the lowest observed adverse effect concentrations and are thus likely to have large-scale and wide ranging negative biological and ecological impacts on a wide range of non-target invertebrates in terrestrial, aquatic, marine and benthic habitats.
Book ChapterDOI
Pollen nutritional content and digestibility for animals
T'ai H. Roulston,James H. Cane +1 more
TL;DR: Study on the mechanism(s) of pollen digestion remain inconclusive, but suggest that differences in digestibility among pollen types may reflect differences in pollen wall porosity, thickness, and composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ecological significance of toxic nectar
TL;DR: Experimental approaches are necessary to understand the role of toxic nectar in plant-animal interactions, including encouraging specialist pollinators, deterring nectar robbers, preventing microbial degradation of nectar, and altering pollinator behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
What governs protein content of pollen: pollinator preferences, pollen–pistil interactions, or phylogeny?
TL;DR: This database compares pollen protein concentration with pollination mode, pollen collection by bees, and distance from stigma to ovule, after accounting for phylogeny through paired phylogenetic comparisons and a nested ANOVA including taxonomic rank.
References
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Book
Introduction to ecological biochemistry
TL;DR: The Plant and Its Biochemical Adaptation to the Environment, and Higher Plant-Lower Plant Interactions: Phytoalexins and Phytotoxins.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods
TL;DR: It is argued that generalist natural enemies of herbivorous insects provide a major selection pressure for restricted host plant range and the significance of plant chemistry is discussed in terms of regulating behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry.
TL;DR: The Co-Evolutionary Arms Race: Plant Defence and Animal Response as mentioned in this paper The Plant and its Biochemical Adaptation to the Environment The plant and its biochemical adaptation to the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Learning and memory in the honeybee
Martin Hammer,Randolf Menzel +1 more
TL;DR: Since associative learning, especially of the classical type, is well described at the phenomenological and operational level (Rescorla, 1988), it provides a favorable approach in the search for the neural substrate underlying learning and memory.