Journal ArticleDOI
Cell traction force and measurement methods.
James H.-C. Wang,Jeen-Shang Lin +1 more
TLDR
Future research should improve CTFM methods such that they can automatically track dynamic CTFs, thereby providing new insights into cell motility in response to altered biological conditions, and research effort should be devoted to developing novel experimental and theoretical methods for determiningCTFs in three-dimensional matrix, which better reflects physiological conditions than 2D substrate used in current CTFm methods.Abstract:
Cell traction forces (CTFs) are crucial to many biological processes such as inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and metastasis. CTFs are generated by actomyosin interactions and actin polymerization and regulated by intracellular proteins such as alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and soluble factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). Once transmitted to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through stress fibers via focal adhesions, which are assemblies of ECM proteins, transmembrane receptors, and cytoplasmic structural and signaling proteins (e.g., integrins), CTFs direct many cellular functions, including cell migration, ECM organization, and mechanical signal generation. Various methods have been developed over the years to measure CTFs of both populations of cells and of single cells. At present, cell traction force microscopy (CTFM) is among the most efficient and reliable method for determining CTF field of an entire cell spreading on a two-dimensional (2D) substrate surface. There are currently three CTFM methods, each of which is unique in both how displacement field is extracted from images and how CTFs are subsequently estimated. A detailed review and comparison of these methods are presented. Future research should improve CTFM methods such that they can automatically track dynamic CTFs, thereby providing new insights into cell motility in response to altered biological conditions. In addition, research effort should be devoted to developing novel experimental and theoretical methods for determining CTFs in three-dimensional (3D) matrix, which better reflects physiological conditions than 2D substrate used in current CTFM methods.read more
Citations
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Production of a tissue-like structure by contraction of collagen lattices by human fibroblasts of different proliferative
TL;DR: Fibroblasts of high population doubling level propagated in vitro, which have left the cell cycle, can carry out the contraction at least as efficiently as cycling cells as discussed by the authors, and the potential uses of the system as an immu- nologically tolerated "tissue" for wound hea ing and as a model for studying fibroblast function are discussed.
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Lectures on Cauchy’s Problem in Linear Partial Differential Equations. By J. Hadamard. Pp. viii+316. 15s.net. 1923. (Per Oxford University Press.)
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The Forces Behind Cell Movement
TL;DR: This review examines the specific physics underlying these phases of cell movement and the origins of the forces that drive locomotion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Wound Healing: Force Generation and Measurement
Bin Li,James H.-C. Wang +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding how forces are generated in these cells and knowing exactly how much force they produce may guide the development of optimal protocols for more effective treatment of tissue wounds in clinical settings.
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Measuring cell-generated forces: a guide to the available tools
TL;DR: This review of established methods to measure forces generated by cells highlights the technical challenges associated with implementing each technique in a biological laboratory and introduces the established methods.
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