Dysphagia in the elderly: management and nutritional considerations
TLDR
Data describing age related changes in swallowing is reviewed and the relationship of dysphagia in patients following stroke, those with dementia, and in community dwelling elderly is discussed, including both compensatory and rehabilitative approaches.Abstract:
Dysphagia is a prevalent difficulty among aging adults. Though increasing age facilitates subtle physiologic changes in swallow function, age-related diseases are significant factors in the presence and severity of dysphagia. Among elderly diseases and health complications, stroke and dementia reflect high rates of dysphagia. In both conditions, dysphagia is associated with nutritional deficits and increased risk of pneumonia. Recent efforts have suggested that elderly community dwellers are also at risk for dysphagia and associated deficits in nutritional status and increased pneumonia risk. Swallowing rehabilitation is an effective approach to increase safe oral intake in these populations and recent research has demonstrated extended benefits related to improved nutritional status and reduced pneumonia rates. In this manuscript, we review data describing age related changes in swallowing and discuss the relationship of dysphagia in patients following stroke, those with dementia, and in community dwelling elderly. Subsequently, we review basic approaches to dysphagia intervention including both compensatory and rehabilitative approaches. We conclude with a discussion on the positive impact of swallowing rehabilitation on malnutrition and pneumonia in elderly who either present with dysphagia or are at risk for dysphagia.read more
Citations
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European Society for Swallowing Disorders - European Union Geriatric Medicine Society white paper: oropharyngeal dysphagia as a geriatric syndrome.
Laura W. J. Baijens,Pere Clavé,Patrick Cras,Olle Ekberg,Alexandre Forster,Gerald F. Kolb,Jean Claude Leners,Stefano Masiero,Jesús Mateos-Nozal,Omar Ortega,David G. Smithard,Renée Speyer,Margaret Walshe +12 more
TL;DR: Oropharyngeal dysphagia should be given more importance and attention and thus be included in all standard screening protocols, treated, and regularly monitored to prevent its main complications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dysphagia: current reality and scope of the problem
Pere Clavé,Reza Shaker +1 more
TL;DR: A unified field of deglutology is developing, with new professional profiles to cover the needs of all patients with dysphagia in a nonfragmented way, as well as marked advances in understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Bolus Viscosity on the Safety and Efficacy of Swallowing and the Kinematics of the Swallow Response in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: White Paper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders (ESSD)
TL;DR: There is evidence for increasing viscosity to reduce the risk of airway invasion and that it is a valid management strategy for OD, however, new thickening agents should be developed to avoid the negative effects of increasing Viscosity on residue, palatability, and treatment compliance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor of dysphagia in hospitalized older people.
Keisuke Maeda,Junji Akagi +1 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of dysphagia among patients with sarcopenia, and the association between the two conditions are investigated, suggest correlations between deglutition disorders and degenerative loss of muscle mass.
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