Journal ArticleDOI
Eutrophication: impacts of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems
TLDR
Two brief case studies demonstrate that nutrient loading restriction is the essential cornerstone of aquatic eutrophication control, and results of a preliminary statistical analysis are presented consistent with the hypothesis that anthropogenic emissions of oxidized nitrogen could be influencing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide via nitrogen stimulation of global primary production.About:
This article is published in Environmental Pollution.The article was published on 1999-01-01. It has received 2702 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Human impact on the nitrogen cycle & Freshwater ecosystem.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems.
James J. Elser,Matthew E. S. Bracken,Elsa E. Cleland,Daniel S. Gruner,W. Stanley Harpole,Helmut Hillebrand,Jacqueline T. Ngai,Eric W. Seabloom,Jonathan B. Shurin,Jennifer E. Smith +9 more
TL;DR: A large-scale meta-analysis of experimental enrichments shows that P limitation is equally strong across these major habitats and that N and P limitation are equivalent within both terrestrial and freshwater systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a global problem
TL;DR: This review examines how eutrophication influences the biomass and species composition of algae in both freshwater and costal marine systems and suggests that efforts to manage nutrient inputs to the seas will result in significant improvements in coastal zone water quality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: A global assessment.
Julio A. Camargo,Álvaro Alonso +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a global assessment of the effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems is presented, with detailed multi-scale data, and three major environmental problems: (1) increasing the concentration of hydrogen ions in freshwater ecosystems without much acid-neutralizing capacity, resulting in acidification of those systems; (2) stimulating or enhancing the development, maintenance and proliferation of primary producers, leading to eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems; (3) reaching toxic levels that impair the ability of aquatic animals to survive, grow and reproduce.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems: Evolving views over three decades
Robert W. Howarth,Roxanne Marino +1 more
TL;DR: Over the past two decades, a strong consensus has evolved among the scientific community that N is the primary cause of eutrophication in many coastal ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental threats and environmental future of estuaries
TL;DR: Detailed examination of the effects of pollution inputs, the loss and alteration of estuarine habitat, and the role of other anthropogenic stress indicates that water quality in estuaries, particularly urbanized systems, is often compromised by the overloading of nutrients and organic matter, the influx of pathogens and the accumulation of chemical contaminants.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems
TL;DR: Human alteration of Earth is substantial and growing as discussed by the authors, between one-third and one-half of the land surface has been transformed by human action; the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has increased by nearly 30 percent since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution; more atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by humanity than by all natural terrestrial sources combined; more than half of all accessible surface fresh water is put to use by humanity; and about one-quarter of the bird species on Earth have been driven to extinction.
Book
Resource competition and community structure
TL;DR: This book builds a mechanistic, resource-based explanation of the structure and functioning of ecological communities and explores such problems as the evolution of "super species," the differences between plant and animal community diversity patterns, and the cause of plant succession.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: sources and consequences
Peter M. Vitousek,John D. Aber,Robert W. Howarth,Gene E. Likens,Pamela A. Matson,David W. Schindler,William H. Schlesinger,David Tilman +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of available scientific evidence shows that human alterations of the nitrogen cycle have approximately doubled the rate of nitrogen input into the terrestrial nitrogen cycle, with these rates still increasing; increased concentrations of the potent greenhouse gas N 2O globally, and increased concentration of other oxides of nitrogen that drive the formation of photochemical smog over large regions of Earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen
Stephen R. Carpenter,Nina F. Caraco,David L. Correll,Robert W. Howarth,Andrew N. Sharpley,Val H. Smith +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the available scientific information, they are confident that nonpoint pollution of surface waters with P and N could be reduced by reducing surplus nutrient flows in agricultural systems and processes, reducing agricultural and urban runoff by diverse methods, and reducing N emissions from fossil fuel burning, but rates of recovery are highly variable among water bodies.
Book
Biogeochemistry : An Analysis of Global Change
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a perspective of the global cycle of nitrogen and phosphorous, the global water cycle, and the global sulfur cycle from a global point of view.