Journal ArticleDOI
Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide.
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TLDR
The use of this virtually ideal herbicide is now being threatened by the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds, and adoption of resistance management practices will be required to maintain the benefits of glyphosate technologies for future generations.Abstract:
Since its commercial introduction in 1974, glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] has become the dominant herbicide worldwide. There are several reasons for its success. Glyphosate is a highly effective broad-spectrum herbicide, yet it is very toxicologically and environmentally safe. Glyphosate translocates well, and its action is slow enough to take advantage of this. Glyphosate is the only herbicide that targets 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), so there are no competing herbicide analogs or classes. Since glyphosate became a generic compound, its cost has dropped dramatically. Perhaps the most important aspect of the success of glyphosate has been the introduction of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant crops in 1996. Almost 90% of all transgenic crops grown worldwide are glyphosate resistant, and the adoption of these crops is increasing at a steady pace. Glyphosate/glyphosate-resistant crop weed management offers significant environmental and other benefits over the technologies that it replaces. The use of this virtually ideal herbicide is now being threatened by the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds. Adoption of resistance management practices will be required to maintain the benefits of glyphosate technologies for future generations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industryread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in glyphosate herbicide use in the United States and globally
TL;DR: Glyphosate will likely remain the most widely applied pesticide worldwide for years to come, and interest will grow in quantifying ecological and human health impacts, according to published global pesticide use data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing the Risks of Herbicide Resistance: Best Management Practices and Recommendations
Jason K. Norsworthy,Sarah M. Ward,David R. Shaw,Rick Llewellyn,Robert L. Nichols,Theodore M. Webster,Kevin W. Bradley,George B. Frisvold,Stephen B. Powles,Nilda R. Burgos,William W. Witt,Michael Barrett +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a multifaceted approach to mitigate the evolution of herbicide resistance by reducing selection through diversification of weed control techniques, minimizing the spread of resistance genes and genotypes via pollen or propagule dispersal, and eliminating additions of weed seed to the soil seedbank.
Journal ArticleDOI
New insights into the shikimate and aromatic amino acids biosynthesis pathways in plants.
Vered Tzin,Gad Galili +1 more
TL;DR: Although the major route of Phe and Tyr biosynthesis in plants occurs via the intermediate metabolite arogenate, recent studies suggest that plants can also synthesize phenylalanine via the Intermediate metabolite phenylpyruvate (PPY), similarly to many microorganisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards the use of metal–organic frameworks for water reuse: a review of the recent advances in the field of organic pollutants removal and degradation and the next steps in the field
Elton M. Dias,Camille Petit +1 more
TL;DR: Dias et al. as discussed by the authors reviewed the recent advances in the field of organic pollutants removal and degradation and proposed metal-organic frameworks for water reuse, and the next steps in this field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolved glyphosate-resistant weeds around the world: lessons to be learnt
TL;DR: Glyphosate-resistant weeds are a major risk for the continued success of glyphosate and transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops, however, lessons can be learnt and actions taken to achieve glyphosate sustainability.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate synthase
TL;DR: The broadspectrum herbicide glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic conversion of shikimic acid to anthranilic acid in a cell-free extract of Aerobacter, aerogenes 50% at 5 to 7 μM concentrations.
Book ChapterDOI
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Roundup ® Herbicide
TL;DR: Glyphosate-based weed control products are among the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicides in the world and have been extensively investigated for their potential to produce adverse effects in nontarget organisms as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment of the Herbicide Roundup and Its Active Ingredient, Glyphosate, for Humans
TL;DR: It was concluded that the use of Roundup herbicide does not result in adverse effects on development, reproduction, or endocrine systems in humans and other mammals, and glyphosate is noncarcinogenic.
Journal ArticleDOI
The impact of insecticides and herbicides on the biodiversity and productivity of aquatic communities
TL;DR: This study represents one of the most extensive experimental inves- tigations of pesticide effects on aquatic communities and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impacts of pesticides when nontarget organisms are examined under ecologically relevant conditions.
Book
Glyphosate: A Unique Global Herbicide
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of glyphosate's history, properties, chemistry, biology, formulation, technology, enzymology, and structure/activity relationship can be found in this article, where the authors discuss glyphosate's unique environmental properties, broad range of application, soil inactivity, soil and plant metabolism, low toxicity and uptake and transport in plants.
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The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate synthase
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