Journal ArticleDOI
Host response to Bothrops asper snake venom. Analysis of edema formation, inflammatory cells, and cytokine release in a mouse model.
TLDR
The present observations suggest that venom, besides its cytotoxic properties, induces early hematologic and immunologic alterations that may be of relevance in future treatment modalities.Abstract:
As part of the characterization of the host reactivity to the venom ofBothrops asper, we investigated the inflammatory responses in the mouse footpad model. The subcutaneously injected venom induced a rapid increase of serum IL-6 concentration, which peaked between 3 and 6 h and returned to normal values at 12 h. In contrast, serum TNF-α and IL-1α were not detectable at any time point studied. A myotoxic phospholipase A2 isoform purified from this venom, myotoxin II, was also able to induce a systemic IL-6 release when injected into the footpad. Both venom and myotoxin induced local edema and a leukocyte infiltrate accumulating in the muscle and subdermal tissue within 6 h. The infiltrate consisted predominantly of neutrophils at 6 and 24 h, but at later times, mononuclear cells also appeared. The edema, leukocyte infiltration, and IL-6 responses did not depend on the hemorrhagic activity of venom, since all three effects were seen after injection of (1) preneutralized venom, devoid of hemorrhagic activity, and (2) purified myotoxin II. Circulating platelet numbers were significantly decreased 30 min after venom injection and returned to normal after 12 h. The venom also induced a rapid inversion in the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which did not normalize until 12 h later. The present observations suggest that venom, besides its cytotoxic properties, induces early hematologic and immunologic alterations. These findings may be of relevance in future treatment modalities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Phospholipase A2 myotoxins from Bothrops snake venoms
TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that these toxins interact with biological membranes via a molecular region distinct from their known catalytic site, which may lead to membrane destabilization and loss of selective permeability to ions such as calcium, both of which appear to be important mediators in the process of muscle necrosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of lysine-49 phospholipase A2 myotoxins from crotalid snake venoms and their structural determinants of myotoxic action.
TL;DR: It is proposed that all the toxic activities of Lys49 PLA2s are related to their ability to destabilize natural and artificial membranes, using a cationic/hydrophobic effector site located at their C-terminal loop.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammatory effects of snake venom myotoxic phospholipases A2.
TL;DR: This work reviews the proinflammatory and nociceptive effects evoked by myotoxic PLA2s and their mechanisms of action and concludes that these proteins promote inflammation and pain by mechanisms not related to phospholipid hydrolysis nor to mobilization of arachidonic acid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neutrophils do not contribute to local tissue damage, but play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration, in mice injected with Bothrops asper snake venom.
Catarina Teixeira,Stella Regina Zamuner,Juliana P. Zuliani,Cristina Maria Fernandes,Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling,I. Fernandes,Fernando Chaves,José María Gutiérrez +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that neutrophils do not play a significant role in the acute local pathological alterations induced by the venom of B. asper, and neutrophil play a prominentrole in the process of skeletal Muscle Nerve 28: 449–459, 2003.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neutralization of local tissue damage induced by Bothrops asper (terciopelo) snake venom
José María Gutiérrez,Guillermo León,Gustavo Rojas,Bruno Lomonte,Alexandra Rucavado,Fernando Chaves +5 more
TL;DR: Despite differences in their pharmacokinetic profiles, equine whole IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms show similar efficacy in the neutralization of edema, hemorrhage and myonecrosis induced by B. asper venom, suggesting that the use of antivenom made of antibody fragments may not improveneutralization of these effects.
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