Journal ArticleDOI
How does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Meta‐analytic tests of three mediators
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In this article, the authors test meta-analytically the three most studied mediators: contact reduces prejudice by enhancing knowledge about the outgroup, reducing anxiety about intergroup contact, and increasing empathy and perspective taking.Abstract:
Recent years have witnessed a renewal of interest in intergroup contact theory. A meta-analysis of more than 500 studies established the theory's basic contention that intergroup contact typically reduces prejudices of many types. This paper addresses the issue of process: just how does contact diminish prejudice? We test meta-analytically the three most studied mediators: contact reduces prejudice by (1) enhancing knowledge about the outgroup, (2) reducing anxiety about intergroup contact, and (3) increasing empathy and perspective taking. Our tests reveal mediational effects for all three of these mediators. However, the mediational value of increased knowledge appears less strong than anxiety reduction and empathy. Limitations of the study and implications of the results are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in intergroup contact theory
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis with 515 studies and more than 250,000 subjects demonstrates that intergroup contact typically reduces prejudice (mean r = −.21) and these effects typically generalize beyond the immediate outgroup members in the situation to the whole outgroup, other situations, and even to other outgroups not involved in the contact.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intergroup Anxiety: Theory, Research, and Practice
TL;DR: It is proposed that intergroup anxiety is comprised of three interrelated components: an affective component, a cognitive component, and a physiological component.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-Group Friendships and Intergroup Attitudes A Meta-Analytic Review
TL;DR: Time spent and self-disclosure with outgroup friends yielded significantly greater associations with attitudes than other friendship measures, suggesting that attitudes are most likely to improve when cross-group friendships involve behavioral engagement.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Contact Caveat Negative Contact Predicts Increased Prejudice More Than Positive Contact Predicts Reduced Prejudice
Fiona Kate Barlow,Stefania Paolini,Anne Pedersen,Matthew J. Hornsey,Helena R. M. Radke,Jake Harwood,Mark Rubin,Chris G. Sibley +7 more
TL;DR: Negative contact may be more strongly associated with increased racism and discrimination than positive contact is with its reduction, and the contact hypothesis is extended by issuing an important caveat.
References
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SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models.
TL;DR: It is argued the importance of directly testing the significance of indirect effects and provided SPSS and SAS macros that facilitate estimation of the indirect effect with a normal theory approach and a bootstrap approach to obtaining confidence intervals to enhance the frequency of formal mediation tests in the psychology literature.
Book
The Nature of Prejudice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dynamics of prejudgment, including: Frustration, Aggression and Hatred, Anxiety, Sex, and Guilt, Demagogy, and Tolerant Personality.
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Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis
Larry V. Hedges,Ingram Olkin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a model for estimating the effect size from a series of experiments using a fixed effect model and a general linear model, and combine these two models to estimate the effect magnitude.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model for estimating the effect size from a series of experiments using a fixed effect model and a general linear model, and combine these two models to estimate the effect magnitude.
Journal ArticleDOI
A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory.
TL;DR: The meta-analysis finds that intergroup contact typically reduces intergroup prejudice, and this result suggests that contact theory, devised originally for racial and ethnic encounters, can be extended to other groups.