Immunology of Pre-Eclampsia

TLDR: In this paper, the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia can be related to defined immune mechanisms that are appropriate to the fetomaternal frontier, and the first pregnancy preponderance and partner specificity can be explained by this model.

Abstract: Pre-eclampsia develops in stages, only the last being the clinical illness This is generated by a non-specific, systemic (vascular), inflammatory response, secondary to placental oxidative stress and not by reactivity to fetal alloantigens However, maternal adaptation to fetal (paternal alloantigens) is crucial in the earlier stages A pre-conceptual phase involves maternal tolerization to paternal antigens by seminal plasma After conception, regulatory T cells, interacting with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, together with decidual NK cell recognition of fetal HLA-C on extravillous trophoblast may facilitate placental growth by immunoregulation Complete failure of this mechanism would cause miscarriage, while partial failure would cause poor placentation and dysfunctional uteroplacental perfusion The first pregnancy preponderance and partner specificity of pre-eclampsia can be explained by this model For the first time, the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia can be related to defined immune mechanisms that are appropriate to the fetomaternal frontier Now, the challenge is to prove the detail