Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophage polarization: tumor-associated macrophages as a paradigm for polarized M2 mononuclear phagocytes
Alberto Mantovani,Silvano Sozzani,Silvano Sozzani,Massimo Locati,Paola Allavena,Antonio Sica +5 more
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TLDR
These functionally polarized cells, and similarly oriented or immature dendritic cells present in tumors, have a key role in subversion of adaptive immunity and in inflammatory circuits that promote tumor growth and progression.About:
This article is published in Trends in Immunology.The article was published on 2002-11-01. It has received 4728 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Tumor Infiltrating Macrophages & Macrophage polarization.read more
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Cancer-related inflammation.
TL;DR: The molecular pathways of this cancer-related inflammation are now being unravelled, resulting in the identification of new target molecules that could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.
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Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation.
TL;DR: This Review suggests a new grouping of macrophages based on three different homeostatic activities — host defence, wound healing and immune regulation, and proposes that similarly to primary colours, these three basic macrophage populations can blend into various other 'shades' of activation.
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as regulators of the immune system.
TL;DR: The origin, mechanisms of expansion and suppressive functions of MDSCs, as well as the potential to target these cells for therapeutic benefit are discussed.
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The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization.
Alberto Mantovani,Alberto Mantovani,Antonio Sica,Silvano Sozzani,Silvano Sozzani,Paola Allavena,Annunciata Vecchi,Massimo Locati +7 more
TL;DR: Recent evidence suggests that differential modulation of the chemokine system integrates polarized macrophages in pathways of resistance to, or promotion of, microbial pathogens and tumors, or immunoregulation, tissue repair and remodeling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas
Antonio Sica,Alberto Mantovani +1 more
TL;DR: The identification of mechanisms and molecules associated with macrophage plasticity and polarized activation provides a basis for Macrophage-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
References
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Inflammation and cancer: back to Virchow?
TL;DR: A rationale for the use of cytokine and chemokine blockade, and further investigation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, in the chemoprevention and treatment of malignant diseases is provided.
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Involvement of chemokine receptors in breast cancer metastasis.
Anja Müller,Bernhard Homey,Hortensia Soto,Nianfeng Ge,Daniel Catron,Matthew E. Buchanan,Terri McClanahan,Erin Murphy,Wei Yuan,Stephan N. Wagner,Jose Luis Barrera,Alejandro Mohar,Emma Verastegui,Albert Zlotnik +13 more
TL;DR: It is reported that the chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR7 are highly expressed in human breast cancer cells, malignant breast tumours and metastases and their respective ligands CXCL12/SDF-1α and CCL21/6Ckine exhibit peak levels of expression in organs representing the first destinations of breast cancer metastasis.
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 triggers the angiogenic switch during carcinogenesis
Gabriele Bergers,Rolf A. Brekken,Gerald McMahon,Thiennu H. Vu,Takeshi Itoh,Kazuhiko Tamaki,Kazuhiko Tanzawa,Philip E. Thorpe,Shigeyoshi Itohara,Zena Werb,Douglas Hanahan +10 more
TL;DR: The results show that MMP-9 is a component of theAngiogenic switch, and MMP inhibitors reduce angiogenic switching, and tumour number and growth, as does genetic ablation of M MP-9.
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M-1/M-2 macrophages and the Th1/Th2 paradigm.
TL;DR: The results indicate that M-1- or M-2-dominant macrophage responses can influence whether Th1/Th2 or other types of inflammatory responses occur.
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Interleukin 4 potently enhances murine macrophage mannose receptor activity: a marker of alternative immunologic macrophage activation.
TL;DR: Recombinant murine IL-4 is established as a potent and selective enhancer of murine MMR activity in vitro and induces inflammatory macrophages to adopt an alternative activation phenotype, distinct from that induced by IFN-gamma.