Pathogenesis of HIV infection
TLDR
The interactions between viral phenotypes, tropism and co-receptor usage and how they influence HIV pathogenesis are the main themes addressed in this review.Abstract:
Over the past three decades of intense research on the contribution of viral and host factors determining the variability in HIV-1 infection outcome, HIV pathogenesis is still a fascinating topic that requires further study. An understanding of the exact mechanism of how these factors influencing HIV pathogenesis is critical to the development of effective strate- gies to prevent infection. Significant progress has been made in identifying the role of CCR5 (R5) and CXCR4 (X4) HIV strains in disease progression, particularly with the persistence of R5 HIV-1 strains at the AIDS stage. This indicates that R5 strains are as fit as X4 in causing CD4+ T cell depletion and in contribution to disease outcome, and so questions the prerequisite of the shift from R5 to X4 for disease progression. In contrast, the ability of certain HIV strains to readily use CXCR4 for infection or entry into macrophages, as the case with viruses are homozygous for tropism by CCR5delta32. This raises another major paradox in HIV pathogenesis about the source of X4 variants and how do they emerge from a relatively homogeneous R5 viral population after transmission. The interactions between viral phenotypes, tropism and co-receptor usage and how they influence HIV pathogenesis are the main themes addressed in this review. A better understanding of the viral and host genetic factors involved in the fitness of X4 and R5 strains of HIV-1 may facilitate development of specific inhibitors against these viral populations to at least reduce the risk of disease progression.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient modification of CCR5 in primary human hematopoietic cells using a megaTAL nuclease and AAV donor template
Blythe D. Sather,Guillermo S. Romano Ibarra,Karen Sommer,Gabrielle Curinga,Malika Hale,Iram F. Khan,Swati Singh,Yumei Song,Kamila S. Gwiazda,Jaya Sahni,Jordan Jarjour,Alexander Astrakhan,Thor A. Wagner,Thor A. Wagner,Andrew M. Scharenberg,Andrew M. Scharenberg,David J. Rawlings,David J. Rawlings +17 more
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that high-efficiency targeted integration is feasible in primary human hematopoietic cells and highlight the potential of gene editing to engineer T cell products with myriad functional properties.
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Maraviroc: a review of its use in HIV infection and beyond
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Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV and AIDS
TL;DR: There is moderate quality evidence that combined tobacco cessation interventions provide similar outcomes to controls in PLWHA in the long-term, and large, well designed studies of cessation interventions forPLWHA are needed.
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CCR5 Gene Editing of Resting CD4+ T Cells by Transient ZFN Expression From HIV Envelope Pseudotyped Nonintegrating Lentivirus Confers HIV-1 Resistance in Humanized Mice
Guohua Yi,Jang-Gi Choi,Preeti Bharaj,Sojan Abraham,Ying Dang,Tal Kafri,Ogechika Alozie,Manjunath N Manjunath,Premlata Shankar +8 more
TL;DR: Non-integrating lentivirus (NILV) pseudotyped with HIV envelope provides a simple and clinically viable strategy for HIV-1 gene therapy.
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Cardiovascular Dysfunction in HIV-infected Children in a Sub-Saharan African Country: Comparative Cross-sectional Observational Study
TL;DR: Structural and functional abnormalities are prevalent in HIV-infected African children and therefore justify inclusion of routine echocardiography in their standard care.
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