Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive oxygen-mediated protein oxidation in aging and disease.
TLDR
It is established that oxidatively damaged protein is associated with aging and some diseases and nitration of tyrosine residues may contribute to peroxynitrite toxicity, as nitration precludes the phosphorylation or nucleotidylation of tyosine residues and thereby seriously compromises one of the most important mechanisms of cellular regulation and signal transduction.Abstract:
Highly reactive oxygen species that are formed during normal metabolism and under conditions of oxidative stress are able to oxidize proteins or convert lipid and carbohydrate derivatives to compounds that react with functional groups on proteins. Among other changes, these ROS-mediated reactions lead to the formation of protein carbonyl derivatives, which serves as a marker of ROS-mediated protein damage. On the basis of this marker, it is established that oxidatively damaged protein is associated with aging and some diseases. The accumulation of oxidatively damaged protein reflects the balance among a myriad of factors that govern the rates of ROS generation and the rate at which damaged protein is degraded. Peroxynitrite, which is formed under normal physiological conditions, is able to oxidize methionine residues in proteins and to nitrate tyrosine residues; however, its ability to do so is dependent on the availability of CO2, which stimulates the nitration of tyrosine residues but inhibits the oxidation of methionine residues. Nitration of tyrosine residues may contribute to peroxynitrite toxicity, as nitration precludes the phosphorylation or nucleotidylation of tyrosine residues and thereby seriously compromises one of the most important mechanisms of cellular regulation and signal transduction.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system.
Jonas Nordberg,Elias S.J. Arnér +1 more
TL;DR: The TrxR-catalyzed regeneration of several antioxidant compounds, including ascorbic acid (vitamin C), selenium-containing substances, lipoic acid, and ubiquinone are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin C as an Antioxidant: Evaluation of Its Role in Disease Prevention
Sebastian J. Padayatty,Arie Katz,Yaohui Wang,Peter Eck,Oran Kwon,Je-Hyuk Lee,Shenglin Chen,Christopher Corpe,Anand Dutta,Sudhir K. Dutta,Mark Levine +10 more
TL;DR: Dose concentration studies of vitamin C in healthy people showed a sigmoidal relationship between oral dose and plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations, so optimal dosing is critical to intervention studies using vitamin C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular biomarkers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms in relation to toxic environmental pollutants.
TL;DR: Current knowledge and advances in the understanding of oxidative processes in biological systems are summarized and this knowledge is extended to specific applications in aquatic organisms because of their sensitivity to oxidative pollutants, their filtration capacity, and their potential for environmental toxicology studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species.
TL;DR: Critical determinants that can affect the generation of ROS include size, shape, particle surface, surface positive charges, surface-containing groups, particle dissolution, metal ion release from nanometals and nanometal oxides, UV light activation, aggregation, mode of interaction with cells, inflammation, and pH of the medium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in proinflammatory cytokine activity after menopause.
TL;DR: Experimental and clinical studies strongly support a link between the increased state of proinflammatory cytokine activity and postmenopausal bone loss and preliminary evidence suggests that these changes also might be relevant to vascular homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
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TL;DR: This chapter discusses methods to determine carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins and quantitated protein-bound pyruvoyl groups through formation of a Schiff base with p-aminobenzoic acid followed by reduction with cyanoborohydride.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Oxidative Stress in Development of Complications in Diabetes
TL;DR: Structural characterization of the cross-links and other products accumulating in collagen in diabetes is needed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and the development of complications in diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein kinases and phosphatases: The Yin and Yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling
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Book ChapterDOI
Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins
TL;DR: New methods for determination ofcarbonyl content are presented, which are based on the reaction of carbonyl groups with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form a 2, 4-d Initrophenolhydrazone, which provide substantial improvements in both sensitivity and specificity.