Journal ArticleDOI
Role of linker histone in chromatin structure and function: H1 stoichiometry and nucleosome repeat length
TLDR
It is clear that the 1 H1 per nucleosome paradigm for higher eukaryotes is the exception rather than the rule, and this prompts a reappraisal of the role of linker histone as an obligatory chromatin architectural protein.Abstract:
Despite a great deal of attention over many years, the structural and functional roles of the linker histone H1 remain enigmatic. The earlier concepts of H1 as a general transcriptional inhibitor have had to be reconsidered in the light of experiments demonstrating a minor effect of H1 deletion in unicellular organisms. More recent work analysing the results of depleting H1 in mammals through genetic knockouts of selected H1 subtypes in the mouse has shown that cells and tissues can tolerate a surprisingly low H1 content. One common feature of H1-depleted nuclei is a reduction in nucleosome repeat length (NRL). Moreover, there is a robust linear relationship between H1 stoichiometry and NRL, suggesting an inherent homeostatic mechanism that maintains intranuclear electrostatic balance. It is also clear that the 1 H1 per nucleosome paradigm for higher eukaryotes is the exception rather than the rule. This, together with the high mobility of H1 within the nucleus, prompts a reappraisal of the role of linker histone as an obligatory chromatin architectural protein.read more
Citations
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Neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase regulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps
TL;DR: Neutrophil elastase escapes azurophilic granules, translocates to the nucleus, and degrades histones to promote chromatin decondensation necessary for NET formation.
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Systematic Protein Location Mapping Reveals Five Principal Chromatin Types in Drosophila Cells
Guillaume J. Filion,Joke G. van Bemmel,Ulrich Braunschweig,Wendy Talhout,Jop Kind,Lucas D. Ward,Wim Brugman,Ines J de Castro,Ron M. Kerkhoven,Harmen J. Bussemaker,Bas van Steensel +10 more
TL;DR: A repressive chromatin type is identified that covers about half of the genome and lacks classic heterochromatin markers and transcriptionally active euchromatin consists of two types that differ in molecular organization and H3K36 methylation and regulate distinct classes of genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
ChromEMT: Visualizing 3D chromatin structure and compaction in interphase and mitotic cells
Horng D. Ou,Sebastien Phan,Thomas J. Deerinck,Andrea Thor,Mark H. Ellisman,Clodagh C. O’Shea +5 more
TL;DR: ChromEMT enables the ultrastructure of individual chromatin chains, heterochromatin domains, and mitotic chromosomes to be resolved in serial slices and their 3D organization to be visualized as a continuum through large nuclear volumes in situ.
Journal ArticleDOI
Covalent modifications of histones during development and disease pathogenesis.
TL;DR: This review discusses the biochemical, molecular and genetic properties of the enzymatic machinery involved in four different types of histone modification: acetylation, ubiquitination, phosphorylation and methylation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuronal MeCP2 Is Expressed at Near Histone-Octamer Levels and Globally Alters the Chromatin State
Peter J Skene,Robert S. Illingworth,Shaun Webb,Alastair R.W. Kerr,Keith D. James,Daniel J. Turner,Robert Andrews,Adrian Bird +7 more
TL;DR: The data argue that MeCP2 may not act as a gene-specific transcriptional repressor in neurons, but might instead dampen transcriptional noise genome-wide in a DNA methylation-dependent manner.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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