Journal ArticleDOI
Single Sheet Functionalized Graphene by Oxidation and Thermal Expansion of Graphite
Michael J. McAllister,Je-Luen Li,Douglas H. Adamson,Hannes C. Schniepp,Ahmed Abdala,Jun-Jun Liu,Margarita Herrera-Alonso,David L. Milius,Roberto Car,Robert K. Prud'homme,Ilhan A. Aksay +10 more
TLDR
In this article, a detailed analysis of the thermal expansion mechanism of graphite oxide to produce functionalized graphene sheets is provided, where it is shown that the decomposition rate of the epoxy and hydroxyl sites exceeds the diffusion rate of evolved gases, yielding pressures that exceed the van der Waals forces holding the graphene sheets together.Abstract:
A detailed analysis of the thermal expansion mechanism of graphite oxide to produce functionalized graphene sheets is provided. Exfoliation takes place when the decomposition rate of the epoxy and hydroxyl sites of graphite oxide exceeds the diffusion rate of the evolved gases, thus yielding pressures that exceed the van der Waals forces holding the graphene sheets together. A comparison of the Arrhenius dependence of the reaction rate against the calculated diffusion coefficient based on Knudsen diffusion suggests a critical temperature of 550 °C which must be exceeded for exfoliation to occur. As a result of their wrinkled nature, the functionalized and defective graphene sheets do not collapse back to graphite oxide but are highly agglomerated. After dispersion by ultrasonication in appropriate solvents, statistical analysis by atomic force microscopy shows that 80% of the observed flakes are single sheets.read more
Citations
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The chemistry of graphene oxide
TL;DR: This review will be of value to synthetic chemists interested in this emerging field of materials science, as well as those investigating applications of graphene who would find a more thorough treatment of the chemistry of graphene oxide useful in understanding the scope and limitations of current approaches which utilize this material.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications
TL;DR: An overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets
TL;DR: It is reported that chemically converted graphene sheets obtained from graphite can readily form stable aqueous colloids through electrostatic stabilization, making it possible to process graphene materials using low-cost solution processing techniques, opening up enormous opportunities to use this unique carbon nanostructure for many technological applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical methods for the production of graphenes.
Sungjin Park,Rodney S. Ruoff +1 more
TL;DR: The use of colloidal suspensions to produce new materials composed of graphene and chemically modified graphene is reviewed, which is both versatile and scalable, and is adaptable to a wide variety of applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
The reduction of graphene oxide
Songfeng Pei,Hui-Ming Cheng +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art status of the reduction of GO on both techniques and mechanisms is reviewed, where the reduction process can partially restore the structure and properties of graphene.
References
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Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
Kostya S. Novoselov,Andre K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Y. Zhang,S. V. Dubonos,Irina V. Grigorieva,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: Monocrystalline graphitic films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect.
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Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon
TL;DR: Iijima et al. as mentioned in this paper reported the preparation of a new type of finite carbon structure consisting of needle-like tubes, which were produced using an arc-discharge evaporation method similar to that used for fullerene synthesis.
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Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers
Journal ArticleDOI
Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene
Kostya S. Novoselov,A. K. Geim,Sergey V. Morozov,Da Jiang,Mikhail I. Katsnelson,Irina V. Grigorieva,S. V. Dubonos,A. A. Firsov +7 more
TL;DR: This study reports an experimental study of a condensed-matter system (graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon) in which electron transport is essentially governed by Dirac's (relativistic) equation and reveals a variety of unusual phenomena that are characteristic of two-dimensional Dirac fermions.