Journal ArticleDOI
Starting at the beginning: An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency
TLDR
The historical development of a from other indexes of internal consistency (split-half reliability and Kuder-Richardson 20) and four myths associated with a are discussed, including that it is a fixed property of the scale and that higher values are always preferred over lower ones.Abstract:
Cronbach's a is the most widely used index of the reliability of a scale. However, its use and interpretation can be subject to a number of errors. This article discusses the historical development of a from other indexes of internal consistency (split-half reliability and Kuder-Richardson 20) and discusses four myths associated with a: (a) that it is a fixed property of the scale, (b) that it measures only the internal consistency of the scale, (c) that higher values are always preferred over lower ones, and (d) that it is restricted to the range of 0 to 1. It provides some recommendations for acceptable values of a in different situations.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Making sense of Cronbach's alpha
Mohsen Tavakol,Reg Dennick +1 more
TL;DR: The meaning of Cronbach’s alpha, the most widely used objective measure of reliability, is explained and the underlying assumptions behind alpha are explained in order to promote its more effective use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of innovation types on firm performance
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the effects of organizational, process, product and marketing innovations on different aspects of firm performance, including innovative, production, market and financial performances, based on an empirical study covering 184 manufacturing firms in Turkey.
Journal ArticleDOI
Being Inconsistent About Consistency: When Coefficient Alpha Does and Doesn't Matter
TL;DR: This article distinguishes between questionnaires such as anxiety or depression inventories, which are composed of items that are manifestations of an underlying hypothetical construct, and those used to tap quality of life or activities of daily living, which meet the criteria of classical test theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use Omega Rather than Cronbach’s Alpha for Estimating Reliability. But…
Andrew F. Hayes,Jacob J. Coutts +1 more
TL;DR: Cronbach's alpha (α) is a widely used measure of reliability used to quantify the amount of random measurement error that exists in a sum score or average generated by a multi-item measurement scalar.
Journal ArticleDOI
Guidelines for developing, translating, and validating a questionnaire in perioperative and pain medicine
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for the development and translation of questionnaires for application in medical fields, with a special emphasis on perioperative and pain medicine, and provide a framework to guide researchers through the various stages of questionnaire development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.
TL;DR: In this paper, a general formula (α) of which a special case is the Kuder-Richardson coefficient of equivalence is shown to be the mean of all split-half coefficients resulting from different splittings of a test, therefore an estimate of the correlation between two random samples of items from a universe of items like those in the test.
Book
Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose three basic concepts: devising the items, selecting the items and selecting the responses, from items to scales, reliability and validity of the responses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a Rating Scale for Primary Depressive Illness
TL;DR: This is an account of further work on a rating scale for depressive states, including a detailed discussion on the general problems of comparing successive samples from a ‘population’, the meaning of factor scores, and the other results obtained.
Journal ArticleDOI
What Is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications
TL;DR: A review of the Social Sciences Citations Index for the literature from 1966 to 1990 revealed that Cronbach's (1951) article had been cited approximately 60 times per year and in a total of 278 different journals.