Stress and memory: behavioral effects and neurobiological mechanisms.
TLDR
High stress levels, whether intrinsic or extrinsic, tend to facilitate Pavlovian conditioning (in a linear-asymptotic manner), while being deleterious for spatial/explicit information processing (which with regard to intrinsic stress levels follows an inverted U-shape effect).Abstract:
Stress is a potent modulator of learning and memory processes. Although there have been a few attempts in the literature to explain the diversity of effects (including facilitating, impairing, and lack of effects) described for the impact of stress on memory function according to single classification criterion, they have proved insufficient to explain the whole complexity of effects. Here, we review the literature in the field of stress and memory interactions according to five selected classifying factors (source of stress, stressor duration, stressor intensity, stressor timing with regard to memory phase, and learning type) in an attempt to develop an integrative model to understand how stress affects memory function. Summarizing on those conditions in which there was enough information, we conclude that high stress levels, whether intrinsic (triggered by the cognitive challenge) or extrinsic (induced by conditions completely unrelated to the cognitive task), tend to facilitate Pavlovian conditioning (in a linear-asymptotic manner), while being deleterious for spatial/explicit information processing (which with regard to intrinsic stress levels follows an inverted U-shape effect). Moreover, after reviewing the literature, we conclude that all selected factors are essential to develop an integrative model that defines the outcome of stress effects in memory processes. In parallel, we provide a brief review of the main neurobiological mechanisms proposed to account for the different effects of stress in memory function. Glucocorticoids were found as a common mediating mechanism for both the facilitating and impairing actions of stress in different memory processes and phases. Among the brain regions implicated, the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex were highlighted as critical for the mediation of stress effects.read more
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Environmental enrichment effects after early stress on behavior and functional brain networks in adult rats.
TL;DR: In conclusion, EE had differential effects on cognition and emotional behavior irrespective of exposure to MS, and implementation of rodent housing conditions should be optimized by evaluating the balance between scientific validity and animal welfare.
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Predator odor evokes sex-independent stress responses in male and female Wistar rats and reduces phosphorylation of cyclic-adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the male, but not the female hippocampus.
Damek Homiack,Emma O'Cinneide,Sema Hajmurad,Brett Barrileaux,Mary Stanley,Michael R. Kreutz,Laura A. Schrader +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that TMT evokes similar behavioral and physiological responses in male andFemale Wistar rats, but affects distinct signaling cascades in the male and female hippocampus which may contribute to behavioral disruptions associated with predator exposure.
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Chronic stress and Alzheimer's disease-like pathogenesis in a rat model: prevention by nicotine.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the studies of the aggravation of the impaired cognitive ability and its cellular and molecular correlates by chronic psychosocial stress and prevention by nicotine in an Aβ rat model of Alzheimer’s disease.
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The effects of cannabinoid receptors activation and glucocorticoid receptors deactivation in the amygdala and hippocampus on the consolidation of a traumatic event.
Noa Shoshan,Irit Akirav +1 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the BLA is a locus of action of cannabinoids and glucocorticoids in modulating consolidation of traumatic memory in a rat model of PTSD and highlights novel targets for the treatment of emotional disorders and PTSD in particular.
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Prefrontal cortex or basolateral amygdala lesions blocked the stress-induced inversion of serial memory retrieval pattern in mice.
Frédéric Chauveau,Christophe Piérard,M. Coutan,Isabelle Drouet,Pierrette Liscia,Daniel Béracochéa +5 more
TL;DR: Brain areas which might be critically involved in mediating the stress effect on memory retrieval in the CSD task are determined; all together, PFC and BLA integrity are not necessary for retrieval processes per se; in contrast, the PFCand BLA are critical involved in the mediation of the deleterious stress effects on serial order memory retrieval.
References
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Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease
TL;DR: In response to stress, the brain activates several neuropeptide-secreting systems, which eventually leads to the release of adrenal corticosteroid hormones, which subsequently feed back on the brain and bind to two types of nuclear receptor that act as transcriptional regulators as mentioned in this paper.
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Stress and cognitive function
TL;DR: Evidence suggests that the glucocorticoid- and stress-related cognitive impairments involving declarative memory are probably related to the changes they effect in the hippocampus, whereas the stress-induced catecholamine effects on emotionally laden memories are postulated to involve structures such as the amgydala.
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Chronic stress induces contrasting patterns of dendritic remodeling in hippocampal and amygdaloid neurons.
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