Journal ArticleDOI
The Basic Problem of the Theory of Levels of Reality
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Two essential aspects of Hartmann's thought are its categorial perspective and the theory of the levels of reality as mentioned in this paper, and they are also aspects which have exerted significant influence on Hartmann’s intellectual legacy, however limited that may be.Abstract:
Two essential aspects of Hartmann’s thought are its categorial perspective and the theory of the levels of reality. They are also aspects which have exerted significant influence on Hartmann’s intellectual legacy, however limited that may be. Here I wish to point out their importance for Bertalanffy (see his 1968) and Lorenz (see his 1978). The latter notes the close similarity between his own ideas and those of Hartmann, and he recalls that for Hartmann the world possesses the unity of a system, but it is a system made up of layers. Some pages earlier he writes that he once asked Roberto Corti, who was closely acquainted with Hartmann, how he thought Hartmann would have reacted to a philogenetic interpretation of his thought. Corti replied that Hartmann would undoubtedly have rejected such an interpretation, but then added “And yet this is the only way to do anything with it”.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Method of Levels of Abstraction
TL;DR: It is argued that a refined version of epistemological levelism should be retained as a fundamental method, called the method of levels of abstraction, which is further specified and supported by distinguishing it from three other forms of “levelism”.
Book ChapterDOI
General Formal Ontology (GFO): A Foundational Ontology for Conceptual Modelling
TL;DR: The General Formal Ontology (GFO) as discussed by the authors is a foundational ontology integrating objects and processes, which includes categories of objects (3D objects) as well as processes (4D entities) and both are integrated into one coherent framework.
General Formal Ontology (GFO) - A Foundational Ontology Integrating Objects and Processes [Version 1.0]
TL;DR: This report is a living document of the Research Group Ontologies in Medicine (Onto-Med) which represents work in progress towards a proposal for an integrated system of foundational ontologies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The many aspects of anticipation
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical and experimental analysis of anticipation and anticipatory systems is presented, where the authors distinguish between anticipation as an empirical phenomenon and the conditions that make anticipation possible.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ontologies and construals in lexical semantics
TL;DR: The authors propose a framework of lexical meaning, broadly along the lines of Cognitive Semantics (Langacker 1987a), within which all aspects of meaning are to be explained in terms of properties of ontologies in conceptual space, i.e. properties of content ontologies and schematic ontologies which are imposed on the conceptual structures on the occasion of use.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
‘Downward Causation’ in Hierarchically Organised Biological Systems
TL;DR: The authors made remarks made in part in reaction to other presentations, including those of Medawar, Edelman, and Monod, and in a final section to the presentations of Dobzhansky, Thorpe, Eccles, Birch, Rensch and Skolimowski.
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Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth
TL;DR: This reference provides an overview of life on earth, bridging the gap between zoology and botany and demonstrates the amazing diversity of all living things in a manner that should be accessible.
Book
On the origin of objects
TL;DR: On the Origin of Objects is Brian Cantwell Smith's decade-long investigation into the philosophical and metaphysical foundations of computation, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science, and presents an argument for an embedded, participatory, "irreductionist," metaphysical alternative.
Book
Foundational Issues in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science: Impasse and Solution
Mark H. Bickhard,Loren Terveen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a general critique of the problem of representation and the consequences of encodings in AI and Cognitive Science, and present an alternative approach to representation in the Interactive Model.