Premises of creation of Internet portal designed to provide access to participants of educational and scientific process for the joint creation, consolidation, concentration and rapid spreading of educational and scientific information resources in its own depository are considered. CMS-based portal content management systems’ potentiality is investigated. Architecture for Internet portal of MES of Ukraine’s information resources is offered.

Створення порталу інформаційно-довідкових ресурсів міністерства освіти і науки україни

Revisiting the roles of progesterone and allopregnanolone in the nervous system: Resurgence of the progesterone receptors

BACKGROUND: Drug interactions may reveal mechanisms of drug action: additive interactions suggest a common site of action, and synergistic interactions suggest different sites of action. We applied this reasoning in a review of published data on anesthetic drug interactions for the end-points of hypnosis and immobility. METHODS: We searched Medline for all manuscripts listing propofol, etomidate, methohexital, thiopental, midazolam, diazepam, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, clonidine, morphine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, remifentanil, droperidol, metoclopramide, lidocaine, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, N2O, and Xe that contained terms suggesting interaction: interaction, additive, additivity, synergy, synergism, synergistic, antagonism, antagonistic, isobologram, or isobolographic. When available, data were reanalyzed using fraction analysis or response surface analysis. RESULTS: Between drug classes, most interactions were synergistic. The major exception was ketamine, which typically interacted in either an additive or infra-additive (antagonistic) manner. Inhaled anesthetics typically showed synergy with IV anesthetics, but were additive or, in the case of nitrous oxide and isoflurane, possibly infra-additive, with each other. CONCLUSIONS: Except for ketamine, IV anesthetics acting at different sites usually demonstrated synergy. Inhaled anesthetics usually demonstrated synergy with IV anesthetics, but no pair of inhaled anesthetics interacted synergistically. (Anesth Analg 2008;107:494‐506)

/pdf/is-synergy-the-rule-a-review-of-anesthetic-interactions-5a95egpp4j.pdf

Is synergy the rule? A review of anesthetic interactions producing hypnosis and immobility.

Rationale: The robust advances in pain management for companion animals underlie the decision of the American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA) and American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) to expand on the information provided in the 2007 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines. The 2015 Guidelines summarize and offer a discriminating review of much of this new knowledge. Relevance: Pain management is central to veterinary practice, alleviating pain, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing both quality of life and the veterinarian‐client‐patient relationship. These Guidelines support veterinarians in incorporating pain management into practice, improving patient care. Approaches: The management of pain requires a continuum of care that includes anticipation, early intervention, and evaluation of response on an individual patient basis. A team-oriented approach, including the owner, is essential for maximizing the recognition, prevention and treatment of pain in animals. Evidence base: The Guidelines include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities to manage pain; they are evidence-based insofar as possible and otherwise represent a consensus of expert opinion. Behavioral changes are currently the principal indicator of pain and its course of improvement or progression, and the basis for recently validated pain scores. Post-surgical pain is eminently predictable but a strong body of evidence exists supporting strategies to mitigate adaptive as well as maladaptive forms. Chronic pain is dominated by degenerative joint disease (DJD), which is one of the most significant and under-diagnosed diseases of cats and dogs. DJD is ubiquitous, found in pets of all ages, and inevitably progresses over time; evidence-based strategies for management are established in dogs, and emerging in cats.

/pdf/2015-aaha-aafp-pain-management-guidelines-for-dogs-and-cats-52ov3lm2de.pdf

2015 AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats*

Karol Mathews DVM DVSc DACVECC (Canada) Peter W Kronen Dr Vet Med, DVM DECVAA (Switzerland) Duncan Lascelles BSc BVSc PhD DSAS DECVS DACVS MRCVS (USA) Andrea Nolan MVB DVA PhD DECVAA DECVPT MRCVS (UK) Sheilah Robertson BVMS (Hons) PhD DACVAA DECVAA DECAWBM (WSEL) DACAW MRCVS (USA) Paulo VM Steagall MV MS PhD DACVAA (Brazil/Canada) Bonnie Wright DVM DACVAA (USA) Kazuto Yamashita DVM MS PhD DJCVS (Japan)

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.12200

Guidelines for recognition, assessment and treatment of pain: WSAVA Global Pain Council members and co-authors of this document:.

http://www.uco.es/organiza/departamentos/anatomia-y-anat-patologica/peques/master/juanmorgaz/Muir.pdf

The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats.

Objective To determine the effects of constant rate infusion of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK) combination on end-tidal isoflurane concentration (ET-Iso) and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane and monitor depth of anesthesia by use of the bispectral index (BIS). Animals 6 adult dogs. Procedure Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane on 5 occasions, separated by a minimum of 7 to 10 days. Individual isoflurane MAC values were determined for each dog. Reduction in isoflurane MAC, induced by administration of morphine (3.3 microg/kg/min), lidocaine (50 microg/kg/min), ketamine (10 microg/kg/min), and MLK, was determined. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2), core body temperature, and BIS were monitored. Results Mean +/- SD isoflurane MAC was 1.38 +/- 0.08%. Morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and MLK significantly lowered isoflurane MAC by 48, 29, 25, and 45%, respectively. The percentage reductions in isoflurane MAC for morphine and MLK were not significantly different but were significantly greater than for lidocaine and ketamine. The Spo2, mean arterial pressure, and core body temperature were not different among groups. Heart rate was significantly decreased at isoflurane MAC during infusion of morphine and MLK. The BIS was inversely related to the ET-Iso and was significantly increased at isoflurane MAC during infusions of morphine and ketamine, compared with isoflurane alone. Conclusions and clinical relevance Low infusion doses of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and MLK decreased isoflurane MAC in dogs and were not associated with adverse hemodynamic effects. The BIS can be used to monitor depth of anesthesia.

Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.

Objective–To determine prevalence of pain among dogs and cats examined as outpatients at a veterinary teaching hospital and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats with evidence of pain. Design–Cross-sectional study. Animals–1,153 dogs and 652 cats examined as outpatients at The Ohio State University during 2002. Procedure–A questionnaire was administered to owners of all dogs and cats. For dogs and cats with evidence of pain, the cause, signs, anatomic location, type (superficial somatic, deep somatic, or visceral), duration, and severity of the pain and the principle mechanism (inflammatory, neuropathic, both, or unknown) responsible for the pain were determined on the basis of questionnaire responses and results of physical examination. The presence of primary hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia, allodynia, and hyposensitivity was recorded. Results–231 (20%) dogs and 92 (14%) cats had evidence of pain. Dogs with evidence of pain were significantly older and heavier than dogs without. Cats with eviden...

Prevalence and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats examined as outpatients at a veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals—12 healthy Beagles. Procedure—Blood was withdrawn from isoflurane- anesthetized dogs (volume withdrawn measured) to a systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) of 80 mm Hg. Six dogs each received either LRS or hetastarch solu- tion (90 mL/kg/h, IV). Hemodynamic variables, pH, blood gas concentrations, PCV, serum electrolyte and total protein concentrations, and colloid osmotic pres- sure (COP) were determined at baseline, while SAP was 80 mm Hg, and after fluid treatment. The volume of fluid administered and rate of return of SAP to with- in 10% of baseline values were recorded. Results—Mean ± SD volume of blood withdrawn to decrease SAP to 80 mm Hg was 173 ± 38 mL. Hemodynamic variables decreased after blood with- drawal but returned to baseline values more rapidly after infusion of a smaller volume of hetastarch solu- tion, compared with the response to LRS infusion. Whereas PCV and serum total protein concentration decreased after administration of either solution, COP decreased only after administration of LRS. The total volume of hetastarch solution and LRS required to restore and maintain SAP to within 10% of baseline values was 1.1 ± 0.9 and 4.4 ± 1.7 times greater than the volume of blood removed, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with LRS infusion, smaller volumes of hetastarch solution normalized and maintained SAP without low- ering COP in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs after blood withdrawal. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1189-1194)

Comparison of lactated Ringer's solution and a physiologically balanced 6% hetastarch plasma expander for the treatment of hypotension induced via blood withdrawal in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs

Objective—To estimate the prevalence and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats examined by an emergency service at a veterinary teaching hospital and evaluate the response of dogs and cats with signs of pain to analgesic treatment. Design—Cross-sectional study. Animals—317 dogs and 112 cats. Procedure—A questionnaire was used to categorize the characteristics of pain. The location, cause, and signs of pain were determined by obtaining a thorough history and conducting a physical examination. Pain was categorized by type (superficial somatic, deep somatic, or visceral), mechanism (inflammatory, neuropathic, or both), severity (mild, moderate, or severe), and duration. Evidence for primary or secondary hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity to manipulation was determined. The response to single or multiple analgesic drug administration was assessed. Results—179 (56%) dogs and 60 (54%) cats had signs of pain. In most of these dogs and cats, pain was classified as acute (< 24 hours' duration) and of moderate...

Ashley J. Wiese

Papers

The cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of clinical and supraclinical doses of alfaxalone in cats.

Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane.

Prevalence and characteristics of pain in dogs and cats examined as outpatients at a veterinary teaching hospital.

Comparison of lactated Ringer's solution and a physiologically balanced 6% hetastarch plasma expander for the treatment of hypotension induced via blood withdrawal in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs

Characteristics of pain and response to analgesic treatment in dogs and cats examined at a veterinary teaching hospital emergency service.