There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2013, WCE 2013

Recent advances in topical delivery of flavonoids: A review.

Shiftwork became common during the last few decades with the growing demands of human life Despite the social inactivity and irregularity in habits, working in continuous irregular shifts causes serious health issues including sleep disorders, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and metabolic disorders These health problems arise due to the disruption in circadian clock system, which is associated with alterations in genetic expressions Alteration in clock controlling genes further affects genes linked with disorders including major depression disorder, bipolar disorder, phase delay and phase advance sleep syndromes, breast cancer, and colon cancer A diverse research work is needed focusing on broad spectrum changes caused by jet lag in brain and neuronal system This review is an attempt to motivate the researchers to conduct advanced studies in this area to identify the risk factors and mechanisms Its goal is extended to make the shift workers aware about the risks associated with shiftwork

/pdf/shiftwork-mediated-disruptions-of-circadian-rhythms-and-4d8t8niq62.pdf

Shiftwork-Mediated Disruptions of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Homeostasis Cause Serious Health Problems.

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Wireless Communications And Networking

The combination of MIMO and OFDM gives a very attractive option for high data rate communication in wireless communication system over frequency selective fading. However, MIMO-OFDM also inherent the PAPR problem from OFDM system. We proposed our SCS technique and modified SLM technique to be applied in diversity MIMO-OFDM system for PAPR and BER performance improvement. The utilization of circulant shift codeword from SCS technique with multiplication of phase factor of SLM technique in preparing several candidates for interleaving technique is proposed in MIMO-OFDM system. This approach gave a new solution of reducing high PAPR in MIMO-OFDM system. Moreover, by using diversity MIMO-OFDM which is STFBC, the improvement of BER performance also can be improved until 55%.

Papr reduction using scs-slm technique in stfbc mimo-ofdm

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is widely used now in Malaysia as fourth generation (4G) communication system. Even though its performance is good and sufficient for now, however there is always room for improvement in the system. The major drawback of OFDM system is Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). High PAPR could affect the performance of system and it could consume more power at the receiving end which is user’s mobile phone. Hence, researcher come up with Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (F-OFDM) to overcome problems that arise with the use of OFDM. This research paper will overlook the performance of OFDM and F-OFDM in term of the PAPR. Two techniques from block coding that is Arithmetic code and Reed-Solomon code was used as PAPR reduction technique. Both techniques were compared and it was discovered that arithmetic technique is more suitable to be use as PAPR reduction method. This is because arithmetic successfully reduces PAPR value by up to 18.5%. Apart from that, two modulation techniques will be used to compare its effect and performance on both OFDM and F-OFDM.

Reduction of PAPR Using Block Coding Method and APSK Modulation Techniques for F-OFDM in 5G System

Wireless mobile telecommunication has evolved from the Third Generation (3G) to Fourth Generation (4G) network. Mobile WiMAX and Long Term Evolution are the first two platforms preferred by Telco's to offer network services for customers for profit making and Voice of Internet Protocol (VOIP). VOIP is an online streaming method to deliver voice communication that applied by organization for conference call or voice operation purposes. This paper presents the comparison analysis on 3G and 4G of VoIP network performance. Standard Quality Management Scale recommended by ITU-T P.862 is used for the measurement analysis. A test bed experiments on voice Skype application is done and data is collected. The traffic is analyzed using Jperf software to display the network performance and measurement which is tested in 30 second per session. Result presents performance of bandwidth availability, jitter performance, latency, VoIP, and current LTE4G analysis versus previous WiMAX 4G. It is identified that an average rating of 4 for both 3G and 4G LTE network. This shows performance of the VoIP is achieved. Three elements which are bandwidth, latency and jitter need to be in a good order to get a good connectivity for both connections.

Performance analysis of VoIP over 3G and 4G LTE network

This paper highlights the simulation using Cyclic Codes in order to identify the effect of two types of noise which are Additive White Gaussian Noise and Multipath Rayleigh Fading to a communication system The main objective is to know which communication channel is better, a communication channel with AWGN or a communication channel with Multipath Rayleigh Fading Modulation technique used in this simulation is Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) Noise reduction and information message recovery are the important aspect in designing a communication system instead of speed and accuracy in transmitting the information Matlab Version 71 is used to simulate the system The model consists of transmitter, transmission channel and receiver The messages are encoded and decoded using Cyclic Codes The system also provides error detection and correction using Forward Error Correction (FEC)

The Effect of Additive White Gaussian Noise and Multipath Rayleigh Fading On BER Statistic in Digital Cellular Network

Close Proximity is emerging as a cost effective solution for satisfying the huge demands of mobile data. It can be deployed at any place where mobile traffic is required without the need for cell planning. However, coexistence of many uncontrolled small-cells using the same licensed frequency band can result in serious interference problems. In order to utilize small-cell efficiently, it is highly desirable that the small-cell can self-organize the network and mitigate interference automatically. This paper is proposing a dynamic fractional frequency reuse (DFFR) method for reducing the inter-cell interference (ICI) automatically. With reference to dynamic fractional frequency reuse (DFFR), each cell is separated into two regions identified as super region and regular region. For regular region, it is separated into three parts equivalent to the three sectors. The proposed method has evidently provided a comparable performance with Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) through simulation. Simulation results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Azlina Idris

Papers

Papr reduction using scs-slm technique in stfbc mimo-ofdm

Reduction of PAPR Using Block Coding Method and APSK Modulation Techniques for F-OFDM in 5G System

Performance analysis of VoIP over 3G and 4G LTE network

The Effect of Additive White Gaussian Noise and Multipath Rayleigh Fading On BER Statistic in Digital Cellular Network

Reduction of Inter-Cell interference in close proximity cell using dynamic fractional frequency reuse method