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American Society for Testing and Materials

Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review

Properties of biochar

Wood Chemistry, Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition, examines the basic principles of wood chemistry and its potential applications to pulping and papermaking, wood and wood waste utilization, pulping by-products for production of chemicals and energy, and biomass conversion.

Wood chemistry: fundamentals and applications.

Assessment of chemical transformations in eucalyptus, sugarcane bagasse and straw during hydrothermal, dilute acid, and alkaline pretreatments

The objective of this study was to assess the chemical properties of wood from six clones of Eucalyptus spp. relative to charcoal yield and its properties, determine the correlations between the evaluated parameters and identify a clone of Eucalyptus having the greatest potential for charcoal to steelmaking use. The study of chemical properties included analysis of elemental composition, contents of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and ash, the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (S/G), and the index of crystalline cellulose in the wood. The pyrolysis of wood was done in an electric laboratory oven. The gravimetric yield in charcoal, the content of volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash, higher heating value, and elementary composition were determined. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and after the difference between them was established, the Tukey test was applied. The Pearson correlation was employed as well. The results indicated that the contents of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in the wood significantly affected the charcoal yields and its higher heating value. Higher rates of crystalline cellulose favored the gravimetric yield in charcoal. The S/G ratio contributed more to the charcoal yield when compared to total lignin content.

https://ojs.cnr.ncsu.edu/index.php/BioRes/article/download/BioRes_08_3_4574_Pereira_Eucalyptus_Gravimetric_Yield/2246

Influence of Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus Wood on Gravimetric Yield and Charcoal Properties

Considering the wide variety of species and clones of Eucalyptus cultivated in Brazil, it is necessary to search for new information on wood properties, so that the selection of genetically superior material may be successful. The present study aimed to determine the properties of wood and charcoal from different clones of Eucalyptus spp. Six clones at the age of 7.5 years were evaluated and the samples were from a clonal, located in the city of Lassance, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Basic density, chemical composition, and higher heating value were determined. Carbonizations in a laboratory kiln were done and the levels of volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon, higher heating value, and bulk density of the charcoal produced were determined. Evaluated genetic materials showed differences in their properties. According to research results, several properties of wood should be considered together for the selection of clones for charcoal production. However, basic density and chemical composition of wood, especially high contents of lignin and low contents of extractives, are the properties that had more influence on charcoal yield and its quality. Concerning charcoal production for steelmaking, clone 6 stood out and, conversely, clone 4 showed inferior properties to those of others.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2012/523025.pdf

Quality of Wood and Charcoal from Eucalyptus Clones for Ironmaster Use

Parâmetros de qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.

RESUMO – O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a degradacao termica da madeira de diferentes clones de Eucalyptus, por meio de analises termogravimetrica (TG/DTG) e de calorimetria exploratoria diferencial (DSC), estabelecendo-se suas relacoes com a producao de carvao vegetal. Foram utilizados seis clones de Eucalyptus spp. aos 7,5 anos de idade, provenientes de um teste clonal pertencente a uma empresa florestal. Foram realizadas as analises TG/DTG e DSC, sob atmosfera de gas nitrogenio. As curvas TG/DTG mostraram tres faixas de degradacao termica, atribuidas a secagem da madeira e a degradacao de hemiceluloses e celulose. Nao foi detectada faixa especifica de degradacao de lignina. As curvas DSC evidenciaram um pico endotermico entre as temperaturas de 50 e 100 oC, o que pode ser atribuido a perda de agua da madeira. A liberacao de calor iniciou-se em temperaturas acima de 275 °C, para todos os clones avaliados, sendo observados dois picos exotermicos. As analises termicas da madeira (TG/DTG e DSC) nao apresentaram variacoes expressivas entre os clones. Conclui-se que, atraves das tecnicas estudadas, e possivel identificar as principais fases das reacoes de liberacao ou absorcao de energia e perda de massa, que estao diretamente ligadas a qualidade do carvao vegetal.

/pdf/estudo-da-degradacao-termica-da-madeira-de-eucalyptus-5gul9upc5m.pdf

Estudo da degradação térmica da madeira de Eucalyptus através de termogravimetria e calorimetria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the parameters of a 5 years old Eucalyptus pellita clone wood quality as well as its charcoal’s physical and chemical properties, and to evaluate the influence of time and final carbonization temperature. Trees were collected in a 3.0 x 2.0 m spacing plantation belonging to the former Companhia Agrícola e Florestal Santa Bárbara (CAF). Wood basic density, chemical and elementary compositions and caloric values were determined. Charcoal gravimetric yield, chemical and elementary compositions, apparent density and calorific values were determined. The results showed that carbonization run at a heating rate of 1.25 °C / min produced charcoal with the best properties. It was conclude that the Eucalyptus pellita presents satisfactory properties for charcoal production. The low age didn’t impair the quality of wood for energy purposes. However, further studies should be conducted to determine the influence of reduction cutting cycles on volume and wood quality.

Bárbara Luísa Corradi Pereira

Papers

Influence of Chemical Composition of Eucalyptus Wood on Gravimetric Yield and Charcoal Properties

Quality of Wood and Charcoal from Eucalyptus Clones for Ironmaster Use

Parâmetros de qualidade da madeira e do carvão vegetal de Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.

Estudo da degradação térmica da madeira de Eucalyptus através de termogravimetria e calorimetria

Quality parameters of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. wood and charcoal.