Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications

A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications

Concentrated solar thermal power generation is becoming a very attractive renewable energy production system among all the different renewable options, as it has have a better potential for dispatchability. This dispatchability is inevitably linked with an efficient and cost-effective thermal storage system. Thus, of all components, thermal storage is a key one. However, it is also one of the less developed. Only a few plants in the world have tested high temperature thermal energy storage systems. In this paper, the different storage concepts are reviewed and classified. All materials considered in literature or plants are listed. And finally, modellization of such systems is reviewed.

State of the art on high temperature thermal energy storage for power generation. Part 1—Concepts, materials and modellization

Phase change materials for thermal energy storage

Review on sustainable thermal energy storage technologies, Part I: heat storage materials and techniques

SYNOPSIS A group of promising phase change heat-storage materials was selected through study of the literature, laboratory tests of freeze—melt behaviour and determination of thermophysical properties. Means were developed of encapsulating these materials in metal or plastic containers. Four of these phase-change materials, suitably encapsulated, were tested in a sub-kale thermal storage unit of about 20MJ capacity, using air as the heat-transfer fluid. In most cases, measured thermal-storage capacity exceeded 90% of the theoretical value. After considering a number of heating and cooling schemes employing phase-change heat storage, we selected a forced hot air, central storage design, using CaCl2.6H2O encapsulated in plastic pipes. A home was designed, using a two-storey conservatory for solar collection with vertical glazing and movable insulation.

Low temperature heat storage with phase change materials

Phase change materials for energy storage nucleation to prevent supercooling

Adding strontium chloride or calcium hydroxide to calcium chloride hexahydrate heat storage material

A reversible liquid/solid phase change composition comprising a mixture of hydrated CaCl 2 and KCl in which the KCl modifies the semi-congruently melting behavior of CaCl 2 .6H 2 O to the extent that the mixture approaches congruent melting behavior. The composition preferably includes nucleating additives to modify and suppress the supercooling properties of the liquid phase of the composition. The composition most preferably comprises an admixture of hydrated CaCl 2 and KCl having an amount of NaCl and/or SrCl 2 .6H 2 O as an additive sufficient to obtain an effectively congruently melting mixture.

Reversible phase change compositions of calcium chloride hexahydrate with a potassium salt

A process for moderating the thermal energy content of a body with a container enclosing a phase change material (PCM) is detailed. The phase change material comprises a high molecular weight dibasic organic acid and mixtures thereof. Miscible aliphatic and aryl monobasic acids are also suitable as PCM constituents. The PCM is capable of absorbing thermal energy from a variety of bodies including air, heat transfer fluids, combustion reactions, radiation sources and the like. In the course of absorbing thermal energy the PCM undergoes a reversible melt. Upon the PCM being exposed to a temperature below its melting temperature, the PCM releases the stored latent heat of fusion energy absorbed upon melting and undergoes a reversible freeze.

George A. Lane

Papers

Low temperature heat storage with phase change materials

Phase change materials for energy storage nucleation to prevent supercooling

Adding strontium chloride or calcium hydroxide to calcium chloride hexahydrate heat storage material

Reversible phase change compositions of calcium chloride hexahydrate with a potassium salt

Dibasic ester based phase change material compositions