Karl Deisseroth

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors adapted the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons.

TL;DR: The timing of a sensory input relative to a gamma cycle determined the amplitude and precision of evoked responses and provided the first causal evidence that distinct network activity states can be induced in vivo by cell-type-specific activation.

TL;DR: Optogenetics opens the door to a new kind of informational analysis of brain function, permitting quantitative delineation of the functional significance of individual elements in the emergent operation and function of intact neural circuitry.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors design and use several optogenetic tools to causally investigate the cellular E/I balance hypothesis in freely moving mammals, and explore the associated circuit physiology.

TL;DR: It is shown that CLARITY enables fine structural analysis of clinical samples, including non-sectioned human tissue from a neuropsychiatric-disease setting, establishing a path for the transmutation of human tissue into a stable, intact and accessible form suitable for probing structural and molecular underpinnings of physiological function and disease.