자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society

Mind, Self and Society from the Standpoint of a Social Behaviorist

Meanwhile, the authors' antidote to the American sicknessa quest for democratic community that draws on our diverse civic and religious traditionshas contributed to a vigorous scholarly and popular debate. Attention has been focused on forms of social organization, be it civil society, democratic communitarianism, or associative democracy, that can humanize the market and the administrative state. In their new Introduction the authors relate the argument of their book both to the current realities of American society and to the growing debate about the country's future. With this new edition one of the most influential books of recent times takes on a new immediacy.\

Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life

Framing is a potentially useful paradigm for examining the strategic creation of public relations messages and audience responses. Based on a literature review across disciplines, this article identifies 7 distinct types of framing applicable to public relations. These involve the framing of situations, attributes, choices, actions, issues, responsibility, and news. Potential applications for public relations practice and research are discussed.

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Seven Models of Framing: Implications for Public Relations

This article examines the nature of strategic communication, which is defined as the purposeful use of communication by an organization to fulfill its mission. Six relevant disciplines are involved in the development, implementation, and assessment of communications by organizations: management, marketing, public relations, technical communication, political communication, and information/social marketing campaigns. The nature of the term strategic is examined, and key aspects of communication are identified. This article is based, in part, on a panel discussion involving the journal's editors and international scholars at the International Communication Association in May 2005 in New York.

Defining Strategic Communication

Inactive publics: the forgotten publics in public relations∗

A comprehensive issues processes model is outlined, based on a typology of 4 key types of publics found in public relations. These groups differ based on their levels of knowledge and involvement and can be labeled active (high knowledge and high involvement), aroused (high involvement and low knowledge), aware (high knowledge and low involvement), and inactive (low knowledge and low involvement). Issue activation encompasses 4 key processes (and a series of subprocesses) that take people from a state of inactivity to activism. Issue response by a targeted organization represents the complementary process. Four principal response strategies are outlined, one for each of the 4 types of publics in the model. These include negotiation (active publics), intervention (aroused publics), education (aware publics), and prevention (inactive publics). Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

The Dynamics of Issues Activation and Response: An Issues Processes Model

Claims about the superiority of news over advertising are a cornerstone of public relations practice. Drawing on the dual processing models in social cognition (Chaiken, 1980, 1987; Petty & Cacioppo, 1986), this study defines the difference between news and advertising in terms of content class, a contextual variable that serves as a cue during cognitive processing of mediated messages. An experimental study using a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design (N = 329) manipulated content class, argument strength, and product involvement using 16 full-page prototype articles and ads for 4 products that might be found in a new college magazine. Content class interacted with product involvement to impact the amount of processing by participants (based on recall and cognitive responses measures) and with argument strength to bias message evaluations (based on valence of cognitive thoughts, believability assessments, and attitudinal—conative measures). The results provide only qualified support for claims about the superiorit...

Kirk Hallahan

Papers

Seven Models of Framing: Implications for Public Relations

Defining Strategic Communication

Inactive publics: the forgotten publics in public relations∗

The Dynamics of Issues Activation and Response: An Issues Processes Model

Content Class as a Contextual Cue in the Cognitive Processing of Publicity Versus Advertising