자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

I. the origin of species by means of natural selection

Interviewing in Qualitative Research

The health, fitness and other advantages of youth sports participation are well recognised. However, there are considerable challenges for all stakeholders involved— especially youth athletes—in trying to maintain inclusive, sustainable and enjoyable participation and success for all levels of individual athletic achievement. In an effort to advance a more unified, evidence-informed approach to youth athlete development, the IOC critically evaluated the current state of science and practice of youth athlete development and presented recommendations for developing healthy, resilient and capable youth athletes, while providing opportunities for all levels of sport participation and success. The IOC further challenges all youth and other sport governing bodies to embrace and implement these recommended guiding principles.

https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/bjsports/49/13/843.full.pdf

International Olympic Committee consensus statement on youth athletic development

The overall purpose of this study was to create a model of positive youth development (PYD) through sport grounded in the extant qualitative literature. More specifically, the first objective was to review and evaluate qualitative studies of PYD in sport. The second objective was to analyze and synthesize findings from these studies. Following record identification and screening, 63 articles were retained for analysis. Meta-method analysis revealed strengths of studies were the use of multiple data collection and validity techniques, which produced high-quality data. Weaknesses were limited use of ‘named’ methodologies and inadequate reporting of sampling procedures. Philosophical perspectives were rarely reported, and theory was used sparingly. Results of an inductive meta-data analysis produced three categories: PYD climate (adult relationships, peer relationships, and parental involvement), life skills program focus (life skill building activities and transfer activities), and PYD outcomes (in ...

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1750984X.2016.1180704

A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of the setting features within elite youth sport contexts from a coach’s perspective. Coaches are key aspects to programme delivery and in the physical, psychological and social development of youth. Coaches of elite youth sport participants in particular have the responsibility of developing talented young people and, hence, play an important role in their lives and personal development. A qualitative triangulation approach including interviews and observations was used in the data collection and in the analysis of the practices and techniques of five elite youth sport coaches. Based on these findings and by amalgamating previous knowledge, a new view emerged outlining three key elements: the existence of an appropriate training environment, the provision of opportunities for physical, personal and social skill development, and the presence of supportive interactions. These elements are discussed as a framework for promoting positive youth develop...

/pdf/a-new-view-exploring-positive-youth-development-in-elite-oqs18f3jxe.pdf

A new view: exploring positive youth development in elite sport contexts

The purpose of the current study was to examine two different trajectories of sport participation and explore any similarities or differences that may result regarding personal development and sport outcomes. Seventy-four youth athletes (40 “specializers” and 34 “samplers”) were recruited for the current study and four measures were employed to assess sport experiences and outcomes. Discriminant function analyses revealed no differences between groups in asset possession or sources of enjoyment however, differences were reported in sport experiences and burnout. The “samplers” reported more experiences regarding the integration of sport and family as well as linkages to the community. Although the “specializers” reported higher levels of physical/emotional exhaustion than did the “samplers,” they also reported more experiences related to diverse peer groups. The differences highlight the importance of examining specific pathways of development in sport to gain a deeper understanding of youths’ experiences in sport. The experiences of youth in a variety of structured programs are, in themselves, quite varied. Structured programs, including arts, music, and sport, have been found to provide unique experiences and develop both positive and negative outcomes (Eccles & Barber, 1999; Fredricks & Eccles, 2006). Experiences in sport programs and subsequent outcomes related to sport have been studied by examining relationships between the participant and contextual factors present in the environment (i.e., coaches). Few studies have compared the sport experience for youth using the Developmental Model of Sport Participation (DMSP; Cote, 1999; Cote & Fraser-Thomas, 2007) as a process for development. The DMSP provides a framework to study the progression of youth in sport and identifies three main trajectories (i.e., recreational participation through sampling, elite performance through sampling, and elite performance through early specialization) that youth tend to pursue to attain levels of expert performance. The present study will focus on two of those trajectories: (1) elite performance through sampling and (2) elite performance through early specialization.

“Specializers” versus “Samplers” in Youth Sport: Comparing Experiences and Outcomes

Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in 
children’s development (Cote and Fraser-Thomas 2007). First, sport programs 
can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which in turn can 
lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been 
considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities 
to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and selfcontrol. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; 
these motor skills serve as a foundation for recreational adult sport participants as 
well as future national sport stars.

Leisha Strachan

Papers

A grounded theory of positive youth development through sport based on results from a qualitative meta-study.

A new view: exploring positive youth development in elite sport contexts

“Specializers” versus “Samplers” in Youth Sport: Comparing Experiences and Outcomes

Participation, Personal Development, and Performance Through Youth Sport

Athlete Development and Coaching