Stephanie C. Tjen-A-Looi

TL;DR: Although the location of acupoint stimulation and the frequency of stimulation determine the extent of influence of EA, there is little difference between low-frequency EA and MA at P 5-6, and the similarity of the responses to EA andMA and the lack of cardiovascular response to high-frequencyEA appear to be largely a function of somatic afferent responses.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the inhibitory effect of EA on the BK-induced pressor response and the consequent improvement of ischemic dysfunction is dependent on the activation of opioid receptors, specifically receptors located in the rVLM.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the mechanisms of activation of the cardiac sympathetic afferents during ischemia and reperfusion and found that the central integration of these two opposing reflexes likely occurs at several regions of the brain stem, including the nucleus tractus solitarii, where neural occlusion occurs during simultaneous cardiac sympathetic and vagal-afferent stimulation.

TL;DR: Electroacupuncture at acupoints overlying deep and superficial somatic nerves leads to point-specific effects on cardiovascular reflex responses, and there is a significant linear relationship between the evoked rVLM response and reflex change in mean arterial blood pressure.

TL;DR: A significant portion of inhibition of the gallbladder pressor response by EA is related to activation of mu- and delta-opioid receptors in the rVLM, which appears to play a role in the EA-related modulation of cardiovascular reflex responses.