Claremont Graduate University

About: Claremont Graduate University is a education organization based out in Claremont, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 1987 authors who have published 4381 publications receiving 175810 citations. The organization is also known as: CGU.

Attitude-behavior consistency, the principle of compatibility, and organ donation: a classic innovation

Abstract: Objective: The lack of consistency between peoples' attitudes toward organ donation and organ donation registration behavior has long perplexed scholars. Ajzen and Fishbein's principle of compatibility offers a potential explanation for the attitude-behavior discrepancy. This principle states that attitudes will better predict behavior if the specificity of a measured attitude matches the specificity of the behavior under consideration. Method: Two studies, using different samples and different modes of data collection, measured general attitudes toward organ donation and specific attitudes toward registering as a donor, while simultaneously offering a registration opportunity. Results: Compared with general attitudes about organ donation, attitudes specific to organ donor registration were superior predictors of registration intentions and behaviors. Specific attitudes explained at least 70% more variance in registration behaviors than general attitudes. Conclusion: The lack of attitude-behavior consistency in the organ donor domain can be partially explained by limited compliance with the principle of compatibility.

Beliefs About Cognitive Gender Differences: Accurate for Direction, Underestimated for Size

Abstract: Although stereotype accuracy is a large, and often controversial, area of psychological research, surprisingly little research has examined the beliefs people have about gender differences in cognitive abilities. This study investigates the accuracy of these beliefs in a sample of 106 highly educated U.S. adults. Participants provided estimates of male and female performance for 12 cognitive tasks and games. These estimates were compared with published data on gender differences on the same 12 cognitive tasks and games. Results showed that participants were generally accurate about the direction of gender differences, but underestimated the size of gender differences.

Influence and Leadership

Abstract: 1 Influence, Leadership, and Social Psychology 2 Milestones in the Social Psychology of Influence and Leadership 3 Compliance Versus Conformity 4 Compliance and Obedience 5 Group Norms 6 Majority Influence and Conformity 7 Minority Influence and Social Change 8 Leadership 9 Summary

Mechanical Disruption of Lysis-Resistant Bacterial Cells by Use of a Miniature, Low-Power, Disposable Device

Abstract: Molecular detection of microorganisms requires microbial cell disruption to release nucleic acids. Sensitive detection of thick-walled microorganisms such as Bacillus spores and Mycobacterium cells typically necessitates mechanical disruption through bead beating or sonication, using benchtop instruments that require line power. Miniaturized, low-power, battery-operated devices are needed to facilitate mechanical pathogen disruption for nucleic acid testing at the point of care and in field settings. We assessed the lysis efficiency of a very small disposable bead blender called OmniLyse relative to the industry standard benchtop Biospec Mini-BeadBeater. The OmniLyse weighs approximately 3 g, at a size of approximately 1.1 cm(3) without the battery pack. Both instruments were used to mechanically lyse Bacillus subtilis spores and Mycobacterium bovis BCG cells. The relative lysis efficiency was assessed through real-time PCR. Cycle threshold (C(T)) values obtained at all microbial cell concentrations were similar between the two devices, indicating that the lysis efficiencies of the OmniLyse and the BioSpec Mini-BeadBeater were comparable. As an internal control, genomic DNA from a different organism was spiked at a constant concentration into each sample upstream of lysis. The C(T) values for PCR amplification of lysed samples using primers specific to this internal control were comparable between the two devices, indicating negligible PCR inhibition or other secondary effects. Overall, the OmniLyse device was found to effectively lyse tough-walled organisms in a very small, disposable, battery-operated format, which is expected to facilitate sensitive point-of-care nucleic acid testing.

Effects of workplace bullying on work engagement and health: the mediating role of job insecurity

Abstract: This study examined the effects of exposure to workplace bullying on work engagement and health problems. It is one of the few studies to treat job insecurity as an explanatory factor of the bullying–outcome relationship. Specifically, we perceive that job insecurity unfolds through an interpersonal process in which negative experiences, such as bullying, make employees feel less valuable in their workplace. By analyzing the data from employees in Korea using the latent factor approach, the tested mediation model explained that exposure to workplace bullying decreased the work engagement of employees and increased their health problems because of their high level of perceived job insecurity. The relationship between bullying and engagement would not be established without the job insecurity variable, thereby suggesting its indirect effect. Given the partial mediating effect of health problems, job insecurity is identified as an additional underlying mechanism that explains why bullying increases h...