Journal•ISSN: 0741-8825
Justice Quarterly
Taylor & Francis
About: Justice Quarterly is an academic journal published by Taylor & Francis. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Criminal justice & Prison. It has an ISSN identifier of 0741-8825. Over the lifetime, 1410 publications have been published receiving 77222 citations. The journal is also known as: JQ.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a one-year randomized trial in Minneapolis of increases in patrol dosage at 55 of 110 crime hot spots, monitored by 7,542 hours of systematic observations, showed that substantial increases in police patrol presence can indeed cause modest reductions in crime and impressive reductions in disorder within high crime locations.
Abstract: Many criminologists doubt that the dosage of uniformed police patrol causes any measurable difference in crime. This article reports a one-year randomized trial in Minneapolis of increases in patrol dosage at 55 of 110 crime “hot spots,” monitored by 7,542 hours of systematic observations. The experimental group received, on average, twice as much observed patrol presence, although the ratio displayed wide seasonal fluctuation. Reductions in total crime calls ranged from 6 percent to 13 percent. Observed disorder was only half as prevalent in experimental as in control hot spots. We conclude that substantial increases in police patrol presence can indeed cause modest reductions in crime and more impressive reductions in disorder within high crime locations.
901 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the core elements of feminist thought and demonstrate their relevance for criminology are sketched and discussed in three areas: building theories of gender and crime, controlling men's violence toward women, and gender equality in the criminal justice system.
Abstract: In this essay we sketch core elements of feminist thought and demonstrate their relevance for criminology. After reviewing the early feminist critiques of the discipline and the empirical emphases of the 1970s and early 1980s, we appraise current issues and debates in three areas: building theories of gender and crime, controlling men's violence toward women, and gender equality in the criminal justice system. We invite our colleagues to reflect on the androcentrism of the discipline and to appreciate the promise of feminist inquiry for rethinking problems of crime and justice.
723 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of propositions that form the foundation for the "social support paradigm" of the study of crime and control are presented. But they have not been identified explicitly as a concept capable of organizing theory and research in criminology.
Abstract: Although “social support” is present as a theme in many criminological writings, it has not been identified explicitly as a concept capable of organizing theory and research in criminology. Drawing on existing criminological and related writings, this address derives a series of propositions that form the foundation, in a preliminary way, for the “social support paradigm” of the study of crime and control. The overriding contention is that whether social support is delivered through government social programs, communities, social networks, families, interpersonal relations, or agents of the criminal justice system, it reduces criminal involvement. Further, I contend that insofar as the social support paradigm proves to be “Good Criminology”—establishing that nonsupportive policies and conditions are criminogenic—it can provide grounds for creating a more supportive, “Good Society.”
666 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three different conceptual models (experience with police, quality of life, and neighborhood context) were tested for directional accuracy and ability to explain satisfaction with the police.
Abstract: We test three different conceptual models—“experience with police,” “quality of life,” and “neighborhood context”—for directional accuracy and ability to explain satisfaction with the police. We also investigate whether these models help to explain the common finding that African-Americans are more dissatisfied with the police than are Caucasians. To do so, we use hierarchical linear modeling to simultaneously regress our outcome measure on clusters of citizen- and neighborhood-level variables. The analysis was conducted using recently collected information from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN). The data file consisted of survey responses from 5,361 citizens residing in 58 neighborhoods located in Indianapolis, Indiana and St. Petersburg, Florida. At the citizen level, the psychologically based “quality of life” model accounts for the greatest proportion of explained variance and provides the greatest directional accuracy. Also, residents of neighborhoods characterized by concentrated disadvan...
618 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the role of perceived certainty and severity of punishment in deterring criminal/deviant behavior was examined, and a thorough review of the perceptual deterrence literature from 1972-1986 was provided, which indicates that cross-sectional correlations between perceptions of sanction threats and self-reported criminal/evictive behavior are moderately negative for diverse offenses, consistent with the deterrence doctrine.
Abstract: This paper critically examines the role of the perceived certainty and severity of punishment in deterring criminal/deviant behavior. A thorough review of the perceptual deterrence literature from 1972–1986 is provided which indicates that cross-sectional correlations between perceptions of sanction threats and self-reported criminal/deviant behavior are moderately negative for diverse offenses, consistent with the deterrence doctrine. It is noted that rather than expressing the deterrent effect, these correlations probably indicate the effect of prior behavior on currently held perceptions—the experiential effect. In addition, since in many instances the reported correlations express simple bivariate relationships, the association may be spurious rather than causal. When researchers employing panel designs have estimated the deterrent relationship with variables in their correct temporal ordering and with more fully specified causal models, the moderate inverse effect for both perceived certainty and sev...
594 citations