Oceanology 

About: Oceanology is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Geology & Bay. It has an ISSN identifier of 0001-4370. Over the lifetime, 1714 publications have been published receiving 10627 citations. The journal is also known as: Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences & Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

The upper desalinated layer in the Kara Sea

Abstract: An area of about 40000 km2 of desalinated upper layer waters with a salinity of less than 25 psu was found during cruise 54 of the R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea (September 2007). Close to the boundary of this region located near the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya, the salinity was less than 16 psu. The thickness of the desalinated layer was about 10 m. The results of the chemical analysis revealed that the observed desalination of the sea water was produced, first of all, by the Yenisei River, while the contribution of the Ob River’s waters was secondary. However, the most desalinated region near the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya was separated from the Ob-Yenisei estuary and corresponded to a quasi-isolated lens. It is likely that the formation of this lens, as well as the major part of the desalinated upper layer waters, occurred in June when the flood of the Yenisei was maximal, while the further drift of the desalinated waters to the west of the Ob-Yenisei estuary was forced by the prevailing northern wind. The additional desalination (by 2–3 psu and even more) of the upper layer waters near the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya might be related to the melting of the Novozemelskiy ice massif. The regularities of the temporal evolution of the upper desalinated layer, as well as the influence of this layer on the hydrological structure and dynamics of the southwestern Kara Sea, are discussed.

Relationships between the cell volume and the carbon content of bacteria

Abstract: The bacterial biomass is an essential point in microbial ecology. The dry weight and carbon con� tent of microorganisms are traditionally used for the calculation of the fluxes of carbon and energy in aquatic ecosystems. Since direct measurements of these parameters in natural conditions are rather difficult, a certain biomass-carbon converting factor is used, which is determined experimentally or by empirical calculations. However, the relationship between the cell volume and its dry weight (in particular, carbon) does not depend only on the cell size and the conditions of its growth but also on the fixation and staining methods used. We made an attempt to summarize all the present data on the relationships between the cell volume, its dry weight, and the carbon content. Thus, the principal goal of the present study was searching for a generally applicable or methodologydependent converting factor for the bacterial biomass calculation. Thereto, all the data available were grouped according to the dye used, as well as to the methods of fixation and the dry weight determination. The data on the most frequent combinations of dies and fixatives are insufficient for precise calculations; therefore, we suggest a relationship generalized for different methods of carbon and cell volume recalculations and applicable for bacterial cells larger than 0.025 μm 3 , as fgC cell -1 = 133.754 × V 0.438 .

Submesoscale Eddies at the Caucasus Black Sea Shelf and the Mechanisms of Their Generation

Abstract: The results of observations of submesoscale eddies (with a diameter of 2–8 km) on the narrow Black Sea shelf are presented. These observations were carried out in the Gelendzhik region in the autumn seasons of 2007–2008 using traditional and new methods of hydrophysical investigations. The mechanisms of generation of such eddies are discussed.

Tidal oscillations in the Baltic Sea

Abstract: Long-term hourly data from 35 tide gauge stations, including 15 stations in the Gulf of Finland, were used to examine tidal sea level oscillations of the Baltic Sea. High-resolution spectral analysis revealed the well-defined fine structure of tidal peaks with diurnal peaks at most stations being higher than semidiurnal. At some stations (e.g., Narva, Daugava, and Wladyslawowo), high frequency radiational tidal peaks with periods multiple of the solar day (3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 cpd) were detected; the respective oscillations are supposed to be caused by seabreeze winds. Harmonic analysis of tides for individual yearly sea level series followed by vector averaging over the entire observational period was used to estimate the amplitudes and phases of 16 tidal constituents. The maximum tidal oscillations of 17–19 cm were found to be observed in the Gulf of Finland and, first of all, in Neva Bay (in the head of the gulf). Diurnal or mixed diurnal tides are predominant in almost the entire Baltic Sea. The comparison of the observed tides with those theoretically computed showed that the existing numerical models of the main tidal harmonics generally quite accurately reproduce the structure of the tides in the Baltic Sea except for some regions of the Gulf of Bothnia.