A life course approach to diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases.
TLDR
Prevention will be the most cost-effective and feasible approach for many countries and should involve three mutually reinforcing strategies throughout life, starting in the antenatal period.Abstract:
Objective: To briefly review the current understanding of the aetiology and prevention of chronic diseases using a life course approach, demonstrating the lifelong influences on the development of disease. Design: A computer search of the relevant literature was done using Medline-‘life cycle’ and ‘nutrition’ and reviewing the articles for relevance in addressing the above objective. Articles from references dated before 1990 were followed up separately. A subsequent search using Clio updated the search and extended it by using ‘life cycle’, ‘nutrition’ and ‘noncommunicable disease’ (NCD), and ‘life course’. Several published and unpublished WHO reports were key in developing the background and arguments. Setting: International and national public health and nutrition policy development in light of the global epidemic in chronic diseases, and the continuing nutrition, demographic and epidemiological transitions happening in an increasingly globalized world. Results of review: There is a global epidemic of increasing obesity, diabetes and other chronic NCDs, especially in developing and transitional economies, and in the less affluent within these, and in the developed countries. At the same time, there has been an increase in communities and households that have coincident under- and over-nutrition. Conclusions: The epidemic will continue to increase and is due to a lifetime of exposures and influences. Genetic predisposition plays an unspecified role, and with programming during fetal life for adult disease contributing to an unknown degree. A global rise in obesity levels is contributing to a particular epidemic of type 2 diabetes as well as other NCDs. Prevention will be the most cost-effective and feasible approach for many countries and should involve three mutually reinforcing strategies throughout life, starting in the antenatal period.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update A Report From the American Heart Association
Alan S. Go,Dariush Mozaffarian,Véronique L. Roger,Emelia J. Benjamin,Jarett D. Berry,William B. Borden,Dawn M. Bravata,Shifan Dai,Earl S. Ford,Caroline S. Fox,Sheila Franco,Heather J. Fullerton,Cathleen Gillespie,Susan M. Hailpern,John A. Heit,Virginia J. Howard,Mark D. Huffman,Brett M. Kissela,Steven J. Kittner,Daniel T. Lackland,Judith H. Lichtman,Lynda D. Lisabeth,David J. Magid,Gregory M. Marcus,Ariane Marelli,David B. Matchar,Darren K. McGuire,Emile R. Mohler,Claudia S. Moy,Michael E. Mussolino,Graham Nichol,Nina P. Paynter,Pamela J. Schreiner,Paul D. Sorlie,Joel Stein,Tanya N. Turan,Salim S. Virani,Nathan D. Wong,Daniel Woo,Melanie B. Turner +39 more
TL;DR: Author(s): Go, Alan S; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Roger, Veronique L; Benjamin, Emelia J; Berry, Jarett D; Borden, William B; Bravata, Dawn M; Dai, Shifan; Ford, Earl S; Fox, Caroline S; Franco, Sheila; Fullerton, Heather J; Gillespie, Cathleen; Hailpern, Susan M; Heit, John A; Howard, Virginia J; Huff
Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health.
TL;DR: The present report has been written to focus attention on the issue and to urge policy-makers to consider taking action before it is too late.
Journal ArticleDOI
A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein–energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease
Denis Fouque,Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh,Joel D. Kopple,Noël Cano,Philippe Chauveau,Lilian Cuppari,Harold A. Franch,Gabriele Guarnieri,Talat Alp Ikizler,George A. Kaysen,Bengt Lindholm,Ziad A. Massy,William E. Mitch,E. Pineda,Peter Stenvinkel,A. Trevinho-Becerra,Christoph Wanner +16 more
TL;DR: An expert panel to review and develop standard terminologies and definitions related to wasting, cachexia, malnutrition, and inflammation in CKD and AKI recommends the term 'protein-energy wasting' for loss of body protein mass and fuel reserves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases
Heiner Boeing,Angela Bechthold,Achim Bub,Sabine Ellinger,Dirk Haller,Anja Kroke,Eva Leschik-Bonnet,Manfred J. Müller,H Oberritter,Matthias B. Schulze,Peter Stehle,Bernhard Watzl +11 more
TL;DR: This critical review on the associations between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk of several chronic diseases shows that a high daily intake of these foods promotes health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemic obesity and type 2 diabetes in Asia
Kun Ho Yoon,Jin-Hee Lee,Ji Won Kim,Jae Hyoung Cho,Yoon-Hee Choi,Seung Hyun Ko,Paul Zimmet,Ho Young Son +7 more
TL;DR: Urgent action is needed, and advocacy for lifestyle changes is the first step, and countries should review and implement interventions, and take a comprehensive and integrated public-health approach.
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