Fishing-induced evolution of growth: concepts, mechanisms and the empirical evidence
Katja Enberg,Christian Jorgensen,Erin S. Dunlop,Erin S. Dunlop,Øystein Varpe,Øystein Varpe,Øystein Varpe,David S. Boukal,Loïc Baulier,Loïc Baulier,Sigrunn Eliassen,Mikko Heino,Mikko Heino +12 more
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TLDR
The selection pressures on growth and the resultant evolution of growth from a mechanistic viewpoint are explored and the prevailing expectation that fishing-induced evolution should always lead to slower growth is challenged.Abstract:
The interest in fishing-induced life-history evolution has been growing in the last decade, in part because of the increasing number of studies suggesting evolutionary changes in life-history traits, and the potential ecological and economic consequences these changes may have. Among the traits that could evolve in response to fishing, growth has lately received attention. However, critical reading of the literature on growth evolution in fish reveals conceptual confusion about the nature of ‘growth’ itself as an evolving trait, and about the different ways fishing can affect growth and size-at-age of fish, both on ecological and on evolutionary time-scales. It is important to separate the advantages of being big and the costs of growing to a large size, particularly when studying life-history evolution. In this review, we explore the selection pressures on growth and the resultant evolution of growth from a mechanistic viewpoint. We define important concepts and outline the processes that must be accounted for before observed phenotypic changes can be ascribed to growth evolution. When listing traits that could be traded-off with growth rate, we group the mechanisms into those affecting resource acquisition and those governing resource allocation. We summarize potential effects of fishing on traits related to growth and discuss methods for detecting evolution of growth. We also challenge the prevailing expectation that fishing-induced evolution should always lead to slower growth.read more
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Fisheries-induced evolution
TL;DR: It is suggested that fisheries-induced evolution of behavioral traits is also common, but has so far been overlooked, and the observed common pattern suggests a common explanation, strengthening the case for FIE.
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Warming temperatures and smaller body sizes : synchronous changes in growth of North Sea fishes
TL;DR: A recent model-derived prediction that fish size will shrink in response to climate-induced changes in temperature and oxygen is supported, as the smaller body sizes being projected for the future are already detectable in the North Sea.
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Ocean's eleven: a critical evaluation of the role of population, evolutionary and molecular genetics in the management of wild fisheries
TL;DR: Genetic technologies that are relevant to fisheries management are grouped into eleven themes, which are described in plain language for a non-specialist audience and suggest that uptake will grow, particularly as communication between geneticists and end-users improves.
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The evolutionary legacy of size-selective harvesting extends from genes to populations
Silva Uusi-Heikkilä,Andrew R. Whiteley,Anna Kuparinen,Shuichi Matsumura,Paul A. Venturelli,Christian Wolter,Jon Slate,Craig R. Primmer,Thomas Meinelt,Shaun S. Killen,David Bierbach,Giovanni Polverino,Arne Ludwig,Robert Arlinghaus +13 more
TL;DR: The results provided unambiguous evidence for rapid, harvest‐induced phenotypic and evolutionary change when harvesting is intensive and size selective, and the evolutionary legacy of size‐selective harvesting includes populations that are productive under exploited conditions, but selectively disadvantaged to cope with natural selection pressures that often favor large body size.
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Ecological consequences of body size decline in harvested fish species: positive feedback loops in trophic interactions amplify human impact
TL;DR: It is found that even small decreases in fish sizes are amplified by positive feedback loops in the ecosystem and can lead to major changes in natural mortality.
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