Journal ArticleDOI
Porcine ear skin: an in vitro model for human skin
Ute Jacobi,Marco Kaiser,Rani Toll,Susanne Mangelsdorf,Heike Audring,Nina Otberg,Wolfram Sterry,Juergen Lademann +7 more
TLDR
The structure of porcine ear skin, including hair follicles, was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with human skin in studies of percutaneous penetration.Abstract:
Background/purpose: Porcine ear skin is used in studies of percutaneous penetration as a substitute for human skin. The structure of this tissue, including hair follicles, was studied qualitatively and quantitatively in comparison with human skin.
Methods: Sections of shock-frozen biopsies, biopsies embedded in paraffin and cyanoacrylate skin surface biopsies were investigated using microscopy. The thickness of the different skin layers and the follicular characteristics were determined.
Results: The thickness of the stratum corneum was 17–28 μm, whereas the viable epidermis was 60–85 μm thick. On 1 cm2, 11–25 hairs were detected, showing a diameter of 58–97 μm and a maximal extension depth of 0.96–1.38 mm into the skin. The orifices of the porcine infundibula showed a diameter of approximately 200 μm.
Conclusions: The results obtained are similar to those of human skin, indicating the suitability of this porcine tissue as a model for human skin.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models.
Biana Godin,Elka Touitou +1 more
TL;DR: Work from in vitro permeation studies to clinical performance is reviewed, presenting various experimental models used in dermal/transdermal research, including the use of excised human or animal skin, cultured skin equivalents and animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Liposomes and skin: from drug delivery to model membranes.
TL;DR: This article critically reviews the relevance of using different types of vesicles as a model for human skin in permeation enhancement studies, concentrating primarily on liposomes after briefly surveying older models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Skin models for the testing of transdermal drugs
Eman Abd,Shereen A. Yousef,Michael Pastore,Krishna Telaprolu,Yousuf H. Mohammed,Sarika Namjoshi,Jeffrey E. Grice,Michael S. Roberts +7 more
TL;DR: This review discusses the alternative skin models that have been developed as surrogates for normal and diseased skin and examines the concepts of using model systems for in vitro–in vivo correlation and the demonstration of bioequivalence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Animal models for percutaneous absorption
Eui Chang Jung,Howard I. Maibach +1 more
TL;DR: This work reviewed the original papers published after 1993 that described permeability of both animal skin and human skin and showed that monkey, pig and hairless guinea pig are more predictive of human skin absorption/penetration and common laboratory animals, such as rat, rabbit, guinea Pig, generally overestimate human skinabsorment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viable skin efficiently absorbs and metabolizes bisphenol A
TL;DR: Results unequivocally demonstrate that BPA is readily absorbed and metabolized by the skin, and the trans-dermal route is expected to contribute substantially to BPA exposure in human, when direct contact with BPA (free monomer) occurs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Epidermal thickness at different body sites: relationship to age, gender, pigmentation, blood content, skin type and smoking habits.
TL;DR: Body site largely explains the variation in epidermal thickness, but also a significant individual variation was observed, and thickness of the stratum corneum and cellular epidermis correlated positively to blood content and was greater in males than in females.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regional Variation in Percutaneous Penetration of 14C Cortisol in Man
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism of percutaneous absorption. II. Transient diffusion and the relative importance of various routes of skin penetration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methods for in vitro percutaneous absorption studies. II. Animal models for human skin.
TL;DR: Percutaneous absorption of compounds through the skin of selected animal species was compared to that occurring with human skin, using in vitro diffusion cell techniques: pig skin and hairless mouse skin were the best animal models for the slower penetrating urea.
Book
Skin barrier : principles of percutaneous absorption
H. Schaefer,Thomas E. Redelmeier +1 more
TL;DR: The practical application of techniques to measure percutaneous absorption and relationships between the structure of compounds and their diffusion across membranes, safety assessment of cosmetics risk assessments of environmental and occupational hazards summary.
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Transdermal skin delivery: predictions for humans from in vivo, ex vivo and animal models.
Biana Godin,Elka Touitou +1 more