Journal ArticleDOI
Quantification and significance of protein oxidation in biological samples
TLDR
This review will examine various aspects of protein oxidation, with emphasis on using proteins as markers of oxidative stress in biological samples, and monitor the degree of oxidative modification of therapeutic proteins manufactured for commercial use.Abstract:
Protein oxidation is defined here as the covalent modification of a protein induced either directly by reactive oxygen species or indirectly by reaction with secondary by-products of oxidative stress. Oxidative modification of proteins can be induced experimentally by a wide array of prooxidant agents and occurs in vivo during aging and in certain disease conditions. Oxidative changes to proteins can lead to diverse functional consequences, such as inhibition of enzymatic and binding activities, increased susceptibility to aggregation and proteolysis, increased or decreased uptake by cells, and altered immunogenicity. There are numerous types of protein oxidative modification and these can be measured with a variety of methods. Protein oxidation serves as a useful marker for assessing oxidative stress in vivo. There are both advantages and disadvantages to using proteins for this purpose compared to lipids and DNA. Finally, it is important to monitor the degree of oxidative modification of therapeutic proteins manufactured for commercial use. This review will examine various aspects of protein oxidation, with emphasis on using proteins as markers of oxidative stress in biological samples.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense
TL;DR: In this review, the cellular oxidant and antioxidant systems are summarized and the cellular effects and mechanisms of the oxidative stress are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein carbonyl groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress.
TL;DR: The usage of protein CO groups as biomarkers of oxidative stress has some advantages in comparison with the measurement of other oxidation products because of the relative early formation and the relative stability of carbonylated proteins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin C as an Antioxidant: Evaluation of Its Role in Disease Prevention
Sebastian J. Padayatty,Arie Katz,Yaohui Wang,Peter Eck,Oran Kwon,Je-Hyuk Lee,Shenglin Chen,Christopher Corpe,Anand Dutta,Sudhir K. Dutta,Mark Levine +10 more
TL;DR: Dose concentration studies of vitamin C in healthy people showed a sigmoidal relationship between oral dose and plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations, so optimal dosing is critical to intervention studies using vitamin C.
Journal ArticleDOI
Oxidative Modifications to Cellular Components in Plants
TL;DR: The fate of the modified components, the energetic costs to the cell of replacing such components, as well as strategies to minimize transfer of oxidatively damaged components to the next generation are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein carbonylation in human diseases.
TL;DR: Rapid recent progress in the identification of carbonylated proteins should provide new diagnostic (possibly pre-symptomatic) biomarkers for oxidative damage, and yield basic information to aid the establishment an efficacious antioxidant therapy.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond cholesterol, modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity
Book ChapterDOI
Determination of carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins.
Rodney L. Levine,Donita Garland,Cynthia N. Oliver,Adolfo Amici,Isabel Climent,Anke-G. Lenz,Bong-Whan Ahn,Shmuel Shaltiel,Earl R. Stadtman +8 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses methods to determine carbonyl content in oxidatively modified proteins and quantitated protein-bound pyruvoyl groups through formation of a Schiff base with p-aminobenzoic acid followed by reduction with cyanoborohydride.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly.
J. S. Beckman,Willem H. Koppenol +1 more
TL;DR: The rapid diffusion of nitric oxide between cells allows it to locally integrate the responses of blood vessels to turbulence, modulate synaptic plasticity in neurons, and control the oscillatory behavior of neuronal networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protein Oxidation in Aging, Disease, and Oxidative Stress
Book ChapterDOI
Carbonyl assays for determination of oxidatively modified proteins
TL;DR: New methods for determination ofcarbonyl content are presented, which are based on the reaction of carbonyl groups with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form a 2, 4-d Initrophenolhydrazone, which provide substantial improvements in both sensitivity and specificity.