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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey

TLDR
A survey of state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs is presented and the design trade-offs between energy and communication overhead savings in every routing paradigm are studied.
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. Routing protocols in WSNs might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In this article we present a survey of state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first outline the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive survey of routing techniques. Overall, the routing techniques are classified into three categories based on the underlying network structure: flit, hierarchical, and location-based routing. Furthermore, these protocols can be classified into multipath-based, query-based, negotiation-based, QoS-based, and coherent-based depending on the protocol operation. We study the design trade-offs between energy and communication overhead savings in every routing paradigm. We also highlight the advantages and performance issues of each routing technique. The article concludes with possible future research areas.

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Citations
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Proceedings ArticleDOI

GSEN: An Efficient Energy Consumption Routing Scheme for Wireless Sensor Network

TL;DR: A two layer hierarchical routing protocol called Group-based SEnsor Network (GSEN), which ensures the minimum energy dissipation in the network while introducing only reasonable amount of delay in data delivery.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

iHIDE: hiding sources of information in WSNs

TL;DR: iHIDE - information hiding in distributing environments, to enable source-location privacy in WSNs is introduced, which adopts a non-geographical, overlay routing method for packet delivery.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Channel Measurements of an Indoor Office Scenario for Wireless Sensor Applications

TL;DR: This paper presents results from a recent measurement campaign that for the first time provides an in-depth analysis of the propagation channels between typical sensor node locations in office environments and finds that the Rice factor is not a monotonically decreasing function.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

A New Energy-Efficient, Scalable and Robust Architecture for Wireless Sensor Networks

TL;DR: A new architecture called EDETA (Energy-efficient aDaptive hiErarchical and robusT Architecture) optimized to save node's power is proposed, which is scalable and suitable for heterogeneous and homogeneous wireless sensor networks, supports single or multiple sinks, and also provides features increasely-demanded in the current applications.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Trade-off between Reliability and Energy Cost for Content-Rich Data Transmission in Wireless Sensor Networks

TL;DR: This work investigates a forward error correction recovery mechanism for multi-path data transmission in wireless sensor networks and proposes a fast algorithm for the trade-off between the end-to-end energy cost and reliability requirement of multi- path data transmission.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A survey on sensor networks

TL;DR: The current state of the art of sensor networks is captured in this article, where solutions are discussed under their related protocol stack layer sections.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks

TL;DR: The Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) as mentioned in this paper is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network.

Energy-efficient communication protocols for wireless microsensor networks

TL;DR: LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy), a clustering-based protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of local cluster based station (cluster-heads) to evenly distribute the energy load among the sensors in the network, is proposed.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks

TL;DR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing is presented, a novel routing protocol for wireless datagram networks that uses the positions of routers and a packet's destination to make packet forwarding decisions and its scalability on densely deployed wireless networks is demonstrated.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks

TL;DR: This paper explores and evaluates the use of directed diffusion for a simple remote-surveillance sensor network and its implications for sensing, communication and computation.
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