scispace - formally typeset
Journal ArticleDOI

Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems

Mica R. Endsley
- 01 Mar 1995 - 
- Vol. 37, Iss: 1, pp 32-64
TLDR
A theoretical model of situation awareness based on its role in dynamic human decision making in a variety of domains is presented and design implications for enhancing operator situation awareness and future directions for situation awareness research are explored.
Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical model of situation awareness based on its role in dynamic human decision making in a variety of domains. Situation awareness is presented as a predominant concern in system operation, based on a descriptive view of decision making. The relationship between situation awareness and numerous individual and environmental factors is explored. Among these factors, attention and working memory are presented as critical factors limiting operators from acquiring and interpreting information from the environment to form situation awareness, and mental models and goal-directed behavior are hypothesized as important mechanisms for overcoming these limits. The impact of design features, workload, stress, system complexity, and automation on operator situation awareness is addressed, and a taxonomy of errors in situation awareness is introduced, based on the model presented. The model is used to generate design implications for enhancing operator situation awareness and future directio...

read more

Citations
More filters

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

TL;DR: In this paper, the notion of a collective unconscious was introduced as a theory of remembering in social psychology, and a study of remembering as a study in Social Psychology was carried out.
Journal ArticleDOI

A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development

TL;DR: In this paper, a theory of the opportunity identification process is proposed, which identifies entrepreneur's personality traits, social networks, and prior knowledge as antecedents of entrepreneurial alertness to business opportunities.
Book

Multiagent Systems

Gerhard Weiss
TL;DR: This second edition has been completely revised, capturing the tremendous developments in multiagent systems since the first edition appeared in 1999.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Nature of Managerial Work

TL;DR: This book will not become a unity of the way for you to get amazing benefits at all, but, it will serve something that will let you get the best time and moment to spend for reading the book.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

The Framing of Decisions and the Psychology of Choice

TL;DR: The psychological principles that govern the perception of decision problems and the evaluation of probabilities and outcomes produce predictable shifts of preference when the same problem is framed in different ways.
Journal ArticleDOI

Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that people are sometimes unaware of the existence of a stimulus that influenced a response, unaware of its existence, and unaware that the stimulus has affected the response.
Book

Attention and Effort

Journal ArticleDOI

Cognitive load during problem solving: Effects on learning

TL;DR: It is suggested that a major reason for the ineffectiveness of problem solving as a learning device, is that the cognitive processes required by the two activities overlap insufficiently, and that conventional problem solving in the form of means-ends analysis requires a relatively large amount of cognitive processing capacity which is consequently unavailable for schema acquisition.