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Journal ArticleDOI

Measurement of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems

Mica R. Endsley
- 01 Mar 1995 - 
- Vol. 37, Iss: 1, pp 65-84
TLDR
Two studies are presented that investigate questions of validity and intrusiveness regarding a query-based technique that requires that a simulation of the operational tasks be momentarily interrupted in order to query operators on their situation awareness.
Abstract
Methodologies for the empirical measurement of situation awareness are reviewed, including a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the potential limitations of the measures from a theoretical and practical viewpoint. Two studies are presented that investigate questions of validity and intrusiveness regarding a query-based technique. This technique requires that a simulation of the operational tasks be momentarily interrupted in order to query operators on their situation awareness. The results of the two studies indicate that the query technique is not intrusive on normal subject behavior during the trial and does not suffer from limitations of human memory, which provides an indication of empirical validity. The results of other validity studies regarding the technique are discussed along with recommendations for its use in measuring situation awareness in varied settings.

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Citations
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Theoretical Underpinnings of Situation Awareness, A Critical Review

TL;DR: The enhancement of operator situation awareness (SA) has become a major designgoal for those developing operator interfaces, automation concepts and training programs in a wide variety of fields, including aircraft, air traffic control, power plants, and advanced manufacturing systems.
Journal ArticleDOI

Level of automation effects on performance, situation awareness and workload in a dynamic control task

TL;DR: Results suggest that, in terms of performance, human operators benefit most from automation of the implementation portion of the task, but only under normal operating conditions; in contrast, removal of the operator from task implementation is detrimental to performance recovery if the automated system fails.
Journal ArticleDOI

Measuring neurophysiological signals in aircraft pilots and car drivers for the assessment of mental workload, fatigue and drowsiness.

TL;DR: Review of the literature suggests that there exists a coherent sequence of changes for EEG, EOG and HR variables during the transition from normal drive, high mental workload and eventually mental fatigue and drowsiness.

Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and Integrated Ecosystems

TL;DR: The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, development and deployment of IoT at the global level.
Journal ArticleDOI

Making Sense of Sensemaking 1: Alternative Perspectives

TL;DR: This essay examines sensemaking from various perspectives to see if the authors can separate the things that are doable from the Things that seem more like pie-in-the-sky.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that people are sometimes unaware of the existence of a stimulus that influenced a response, unaware of its existence, and unaware that the stimulus has affected the response.
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Perception in chess

TL;DR: This article developed a technique for isolating and studying the perceptual structures that chess players perceive and analyzed the size and nature of these structures as a function of chess skill, and used the successive glances at the position in the perceptual task and long pauses in the memory task to segment the structures in the reconstruction protocol.
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On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning.

TL;DR: The experiments that are reported were designed to explore the relationship between the more aware autobiographical form of memory that is measured by a recognition memory test and the less aware form ofMemory that is expressed in perceptual learning.
Journal ArticleDOI

Interaction of information in word recognition.

John Morton
- 01 Mar 1969 - 
TL;DR: The model has as its central feature a set of "logogens": devices which accept information relevant to a particular word response irrespective of the source of this information when more than a threshold amount of information has accumulated in any logogen.
Journal ArticleDOI

How many memory systems are there

TL;DR: In this paper, a ternary clas- sificatory scheme of memory is proposed in which procedural, semantic, and episodic memory constitute a "monohierarchical" arrangement.