Enrico Girardi

TL;DR: Although the diagnostic sensitivities of both IGRAs were higher than that of tuberculin skin tests, it was still not high enough to use as a rule out test for TB.

TL;DR: The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation and patients with silicosis.

TL;DR: A consensus definition of late presentation of HIV infection is presented to present to identify the extent to which late presentation occurs remains inadequate across Europe.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes recent evidence on the epidemiology of late presentation and its impact on clinical progression, and describes several key strategies that may encourage earlier diagnosis, including routine HIV testing in healthcare settings where high-risk individuals attend frequently, the availability of HIV testing services in non-medical settings, and partner notification schemes or peer-led projects to encourage high risk individuals to attend for testing.

TL;DR: The results show how microbial lipids position the sugar for recognition by the invariant TCR and extend the range of microbes recognized by this conserved TCR to several clinically important bacteria.