K. C. Dyrting

TL;DR: Control measures implemented for the second outbreak included strict isolation, culling, increased sanitation and vaccination, and infection on a chicken farm was detected 1 week after the second waterfowl park outbreak was detected, on the same day the second grey heron case was detected.

TL;DR: Despite a high level of genomic homology, the human isolate showed striking biological differences from its avian homologue in a duck model, suggesting that significant antigenic variation has recently occurred among H5N1 viruses.

TL;DR: Experimental studies showed that both H9N2 lineages were primarily spread by the aerosol route and that neither quail nor chickens showed evidence of disease, suggesting that they are in the process of adapting to a new host.

TL;DR: The early detection of H5N1 viruses in the retail, live poultry markets led to preemptive intervention before the occurrence of human disease, but these newly emerging, highly pathogenic H5n1 viruses provide cause for pandemic concern.

TL;DR: A novel CoV subgroup, group 3c, is proposed to describe this distinct subgroup of CoVs under the group 3 CoVs, which are genetically more diverse than previously thought and may be closely related to some newly identified mammalian CoVs.