Nicole Lorenz

TL;DR: To harmonize future scientific wording and subsequent legislation, it is suggested that the term “modified mycotoxins” should be used in the future and the term’s kept for the fraction of biologically modified myotoxins that were conjugated by plants.

TL;DR: With a particular focus on ZEN, the most pressing challenges associated with health risk assessment of modified mycotoxins are identified and recommendations for further research to fill data gaps and reduce uncertainties are made.

TL;DR: This document summarizes key aspects of this debate in the light of the European “regulatory status quo”, while elucidating new perspectives for regulatory toxicity testing.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a systematic definition of mycotoxins and their modifications, which consists of four hierarchic levels: the highest level differentiates the free and unmodified forms from those being matrix-associated, from those modified in their chemical structure, and the following lower levels further differentiate, in particular, "modified mycoxins" into "biologically modified" and "chemically modified" with all variations of metabolites of the former and dividing the latter into "thermally formed" and non-thermal formed ones.

TL;DR: Preliminary guidance values for species- specific critical values for total EA content in the diets are derived and suggested for practical use and further research is needed to verify these preliminary guidance values and to improve risk evaluation in consideration of the significant variability in the species-specific sensitivity.