Arizona State University

About: Arizona State University is a education organization based out in Tempe, Arizona, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 40425 authors who have published 109662 publications receiving 4488331 citations. The organization is also known as: Arizona State & ASU Tempe.

A General Model for Testing Mediation and Moderation Effects

Abstract: This paper describes methods for testing mediation and moderation effects in a dataset, both together and separately. Investigations of this kind are especially valuable in prevention research to obtain information on the process by which a program achieves its effects and whether the program is effective for subgroups of individuals. A general model that simultaneously estimates mediation and moderation effects is presented, and the utility of combining the effects into a single model is described. Possible effects of interest in the model are explained, as are statistical methods to assess these effects. The methods are further illustrated in a hypothetical prevention program example.

How Much Does the CEO Matter? The Role of Managerial Discretion in the Setting of CEO Compensation

Abstract: The idea that managerial discretion—defined as latitude of action—may be an important determinant of CEO compensation has been recognized for some time. However, in spite of considerable work that ...

Predicted growth in plastic waste exceeds efforts to mitigate plastic pollution.

Abstract: Plastic pollution is a planetary threat, affecting nearly every marine and freshwater ecosystem globally. In response, multilevel mitigation strategies are being adopted but with a lack of quantitative assessment of how such strategies reduce plastic emissions. We assessed the impact of three broad management strategies, plastic waste reduction, waste management, and environmental recovery, at different levels of effort to estimate plastic emissions to 2030 for 173 countries. We estimate that 19 to 23 million metric tons, or 11%, of plastic waste generated globally in 2016 entered aquatic ecosystems. Considering the ambitious commitments currently set by governments, annual emissions may reach up to 53 million metric tons per year by 2030. To reduce emissions to a level well below this prediction, extraordinary efforts to transform the global plastics economy are needed.

Agreeableness: A Dimension of Personality

Abstract: Publisher Summary Agreeableness is probably best conceptualized as a general latent variable that summarizes more specific tendencies and behaviors Agreeableness should certainly qualify as an individual difference having significance for people's daily transactions It can be predominantly an affective evaluation and may be a more diffuse reaction Across a range of studies, agreeableness emerges in the natural language descriptions of the self and peers Furthermore, there is evidence that self-rating and peer evaluations converge in assessing agreeableness Later, the prosocial personality is discussed in this chapter Prosocial behavior can be conceptualized as a form of agreeableness Recent research suggests that there may be important dispositional components to prosocial behavior, and these may be seen even in young children Precise identification of these dispositions has been inhibited by problems of differentiating among social motives, and by weak measures of altruism as an outcome and as a disposition Basic bio-behavioral research suggests that individual differences in agreeableness in adults may have their origins in affective self-regulatory processes in childhood In particular, individual differences in the pattern of inhibition of negative effect may be related to the development of agreeableness and these may be related to health, especially cardiovascular disease

Malthus to Solow

Abstract: A unified growth theory is developed that accounts for the roughly constant living standards displayed by world economies prior to 1800 as well as the growing living standards exhibited by modern industrial economies. Our theory also explains the industrial revolution, which is the transition from an era when per capita incomes are stagnant to one with sustained growth. This transition is inevitable given positive rates of total factor productivity growth. We use a standard growth model with one good and two available technologies. The first, denoted the capital as inputs. The second, denoted the does not require land. We show that in the early stages of development, only the Malthus technology is used and, due to population growth, living standards are stagnant despite technological progress. Eventually, technological progress causes the Solow technology to become profitable and both technologies are employed. At this point, living standards improve since population growth has less influence on per capita income growth. In the limit, the economy behaves like a standard Solow growth model.