Science China-technological Sciences 

About: Science China-technological Sciences is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Computer science & Heat transfer. It has an ISSN identifier of 1869-1900. Over the lifetime, 5629 publications have been published receiving 71682 citations. The journal is also known as: Zhongguo kexue..

Pre-trained Models for Natural Language Processing: A Survey

Abstract: Recently, the emergence of pre-trained models (PTMs) has brought natural language processing (NLP) to a new era. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review of PTMs for NLP. We first briefly introduce language representation learning and its research progress. Then we systematically categorize existing PTMs based on a taxonomy from four different perspectives. Next, we describe how to adapt the knowledge of PTMs to downstream tasks. Finally, we outline some potential directions of PTMs for future research. This survey is purposed to be a hands-on guide for understanding, using, and developing PTMs for various NLP tasks.

Convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of Cu-water nanofluid

Abstract: An experimental system is built to investigate convective heat transfer and flow characteristics of the nanofluid in a tube. Both the convective heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of Cu-water nanofluid for the laminar and turbulent flow are measured. The effects of such factors as the volume fraction of suspended nanoparticles and the Reynolds number on the heat transfer and flow characteristics are discussed in detail. The experimental results show that the suspended nanoparticles remarkably increase the convective heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid and show that the friction factor of the sample nanofluid with the low volume fraction of nanoparticles is almost not changed. Compared with the base fluid, for example, the convective heat transfer coefficient is increased about 60% for the nanofluid with 2.0 vol% Cu nanoparticles at the same Reynolds number. Considering the factors affecting the convective heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid, a new convective heat transfer correlation for nanofluid under single-phase flows in tubes is established. Comparison between the experimental data and the calculated results indicate that the correlation describes correctly the energy transport of the nanofluid.

Progress in study on constructal theory and its applications

Abstract: The emergence and development of constructal theory, which has been a new discipline branch to research sorts of structures in nature and engineering, are reviewed. The core of the constructal theory is that various shapes and structures of the matters in nature are generated from the tendency to obtain optimal performance. Constructal theory and its application are summarized, from disciplines such as heat, mechanism, fluid flow, electricity, magnetism and chemistry, to life and non-life systems in nature.

A review for dynamics of collective behaviors of network of neurons

Abstract: The nervous system is composed of a large number of neurons, and the electrical activities of neurons can present multiple modes during the signal transmission between neurons by changing intrinsic bifurcation parameters or under appropriate external forcing. In this review, the dynamics for neuron, neuronal network is introduced, for example, the mode transition in electrical activity, functional role of autapse connection, bifurcation verification in biological experiments, interaction between neuron and astrocyte, noise effect, coherence resonance, pattern formation and selection in network of neurons. Finally, some open problems in this field such as electromagnetic radiation on electrical activities of neuron, energy consumption in neurons are presented.

Recent studies on mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete in China—A review

Abstract: Numerous experimental and theoretical studies on recycled aggregate concrete have been carried out in China in the past 10 years. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the related findings of research on the mechanical properties of RAC in China. The influences of the RCA on the strength and deformation characteristics of concrete, the statistical characteristics for the strength of RAC, fracture energy, stress-strain relationships under uniaxial compression, uniaxial tension as well as pure shear, and the residual strength of RAC after exposure to high temperatures, the bond between RAC and different kinds of steel rebar were also reviewed. Furthermore, some recent studies on the numerical simulation of the failure mechanism for RAC at the meso-structure level were discussed.