Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: A review
Alison Bish,Susan Michie +1 more
TLDR
The findings suggest that intervention studies and communication strategies should focus on particular demographic groups and on raising levels of perceived threat of the pandemic disease and belief in the effectiveness of measures designed to protect against it.Abstract:
Purpose A new strain of H1N1 influenza, also known as swine flu was confirmed in the UK in May 2009 and has spread to over 100 countries around the world causing the World Health Organization to declare a global flu pandemic. The primary objectives of this review are to identify the key demographic and attitudinal determinants of three types of protective behaviour during a pandemic: preventive, avoidant, and management of illness behaviours, in order to describe conceptual frameworks in which to better understand these behaviours and to inform future communications and interventions in the current outbreak of swine flu and subsequent influenza pandemics. Methods Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched for references to papers on severe acute respiratory syndrome, avian influenza/flu, H5N1, swine influenza/flu, H1N1, and pandemics. Forward searching of the identified references was also carried out. In addition, references were gleaned from an expert panel of the Behaviour and Communications sub-group of the UK Scientific Pandemic Influenza Advisory Group. Papers were included if they reported associations between demographic factors, attitudes, and a behavioural measure (reported, intended, or actual behaviour). Results Twenty-six papers were identified that met the study inclusion criteria. The studies were of variable quality and most lacked an explicit theoretical framework. Most were cross-sectional in design and therefore not predictive over time. The research shows that there are demographic differences in behaviour: being older, female and more educated, or non-White, is associated with a higher chance of adopting the behaviours. There is evidence that greater levels of perceived susceptibility to and perceived severity of the diseases and greater belief in the effectiveness of recommended behaviours to protect against the disease are important predictors of behaviour. There is also evidence that greater levels of state anxiety and greater trust in authorities are associated with behaviour. Conclusions The findings from this review can be broadly explained by theories of health behaviour. However, theoretically driven prospective studies are required to further clarify the relationship between demographic factors, attitudes, and behaviour. The findings suggest that intervention studies and communication strategies should focus on particular demographic groups and on raising levels of perceived threat of the pandemic disease and belief in the effectiveness of measures designed to protect against it.read more
Citations
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Health Belief Model
TL;DR: This article presents an introduction to the Health Belief Model (HBM), which states that the perception of a personal health behavior threat is influenced by at least three factors: general health values, interest and concern about health; specific beliefs about vulnerability to a particular health threat; and beliefs about the consequences of the health problem.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world
Sarah Dryhurst,Claudia R. Schneider,John R. Kerr,Alexandra L. J. Freeman,Gabriel Recchia,Anne Marthe van der Bles,David Spiegelhalter,Sander van der Linden +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that although levels of concern are relatively high, they are highest in the UK compared to all other sampled countries, and risk perception correlated significantly with reported adoption of preventative health behaviors in all ten countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated?
TL;DR: Many adults are willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine, though acceptability should be monitored as vaccine development continues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polarization and Public Health: Partisan Differences in Social Distancing during the Coronavirus Pandemic.
TL;DR: New survey evidence is presented of significant gaps at the individual level between Republicans and Democrats in self-reported social distancing, beliefs about personal COVID risk, and beliefs about the future severity of the pandemic.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation.
Christina Jones,Jakob D. Jensen,Courtney L. Scherr,Natasha R. Brown,Katheryn R. Christy,Jeremy Weaver +5 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that variable ordering in the Health Belief Model may be complex, may help to explain conflicting results of the past, and may be a good focus for future research.
References
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Book
Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research
Martin Fishbein,Icek Ajzen +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
A Protection Motivation Theory of Fear Appeals and Attitude Change1.
TL;DR: A protection motivation theory is proposed that postulates the three crucial components of a fear appeal to be (a) the magnitude of noxiousness of a depicted event; (b) the probability of that event's occurrence; and (c) the efficacy of a protective response.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Theory of Reasoned Action: A Meta-Analysis of Past Research with Recommendations for Modifications and Future Research
TL;DR: In this paper, two meta-analyses were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the Fishbein and Ajzen model in research to date, and strong overall evidence for the predictive utility of the model was found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reflective and Impulsive Determinants of Social Behavior
Fritz Strack,Roland Deutsch +1 more
TL;DR: A 2-systems model that explains social behavior as a joint function of reflective and impulsive processes is described, which extends previous models by integrating motivational components that allow more precise predictions of behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to health-related behaviors.
Gaston Godin,Gerjo Kok +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicated that Ajzen's theory of planned behavior in the domain of health performs very well for the explanation of intention and the efficiency of the theory varies between health-related behavior categories.
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