Journal ArticleDOI
Evolving concepts in biofilm infections
TLDR
Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation.Abstract:
Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation. Biofilms are usually defined as surface-associated microbial communities, surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Biofilm formation has been demonstrated for numerous pathogens and is clearly an important microbial survival strategy. However, outside of dental plaques, fewer reports have investigated biofilm development in clinical samples. Typically biofilms are found in chronic diseases that resist host immune responses and antibiotic treatment and these characteristics are often cited for the ability of bacteria to persist in vivo. This review examines some recent attempts to examine the biofilm phenotype in vivo and discusses the challenges and implications for defining a biofilm phenotyperead more
Citations
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Hyperencapsulated mucoid pneumococcal isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis have increased biofilm density and persistence in vivo.
Evida A. Dennis,Mamie T. Coats,Sarah E. Griffin,Bing Pang,David E. Briles,Marilyn J. Crain,W. Edward Swords +6 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that overexpression of capsule can enhance the development of mature pneumococcal biofilms in vitro, and may contribute to pneumococCal colonization in CF lung disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differential binding of L- vs. D-isomers of cationic antimicrobial peptides to the biofilm exopolysaccharide alginate.
TL;DR: It is found that the peptide D-4Leu underwent a more rapid structural transition over time from an initial alginate-induced α-helical conformation to a less soluble β-sheet conformation than L- 4Leu, indicating that the D-isomer of this peptide has a relatively greater affinity forAlginate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial DNA from orthopedic implants after routine removal.
TL;DR: The results obtained up to now encourage us not only to continue a directed monitoring of bacterial DNA on orthopedic implants in practice but also to look intensely for possible sources of bacterial contamination during and after insertion or during removal of such implants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Silver nanoparticles as potential antibiofilm agents against human pathogenic bacteria
Kaung Kyaw,Ayaka Harada,Hiroaki Ichimaru,Takayuki Kawagoe,Kinnosuke Yahiro,Shigeru Morimura,Katsuhiko Ono,Hiroyasu Tsutsuki,Tomohiro Sawa,Takuro Niidome +9 more
TL;DR: This study investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles on biofilms of different human pathogenic bacteria and found silver nanoparticarticles have antimicrobial activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leptospira interrogans biofilm formation in Rattus norvegicus (Norway rats) natural reservoirs.
Ana Amélia Nunes Santos,Priscyla dos Santos Ribeiro,Geórgia Virgínia da França,Fábio Neves Souza,Eduardo Antônio Gonçalves Ramos,Cláudio Pereira Figueira,Mitermayer G. Reis,Mitermayer G. Reis,Mitermayer G. Reis,Federico Costa,Paula Ristow +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors described biofilm formation by pathogenic Leptospira inside the renal tubules of R. norvegicus (Norway rat) in an urban slum endemic for leptospirosis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial biofilms : A common cause of persistent infections
TL;DR: Improvements in understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria
Volker Brinkmann,Ulrike Reichard,Christian Goosmann,Beatrix Fauler,Yvonne Uhlemann,David S. Weiss,Yvette Weinrauch,Yvette Weinrauch,Arturo Zychlinsky +8 more
TL;DR: It is described that, upon activation, neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin that together form extracellular fibers that bind Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, which degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.
TL;DR: It is evident that biofilm formation is an ancient and integral component of the prokaryotic life cycle, and is a key factor for survival in diverse environments.
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Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms
TL;DR: It is understood that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health, and that treatments may be based on inhibition of genes involved in cell attachment and biofilm formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms
TL;DR: The features of biofilm infections are summarized, the emerging mechanisms of resistance are reviewed, and potential therapies are discussed.