Journal ArticleDOI
Evolving concepts in biofilm infections
TLDR
Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation.Abstract:
Several pathogens associated with chronic infections, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in chronic otitis media, Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in recurrent urinary tract infections, are linked to biofilm formation. Biofilms are usually defined as surface-associated microbial communities, surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Biofilm formation has been demonstrated for numerous pathogens and is clearly an important microbial survival strategy. However, outside of dental plaques, fewer reports have investigated biofilm development in clinical samples. Typically biofilms are found in chronic diseases that resist host immune responses and antibiotic treatment and these characteristics are often cited for the ability of bacteria to persist in vivo. This review examines some recent attempts to examine the biofilm phenotype in vivo and discusses the challenges and implications for defining a biofilm phenotyperead more
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1,4-Naphthoquinone disintegrates the pre-existing biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus by accumulating reactive oxygen species
Payel Paul,Sharmistha Das,Sudipta Chatterjee,Aditya Shukla,Poulomi Chakraborty,Sarita Sarkar,Debasish Maiti,Amlan Das,Prosun Tribedi +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the disintegration of pre-existing biofilm could be attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the authors observed that extracellular DNA plays an important role in holding the biofilm network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Otitis media: an ongoing microbial challenge
TL;DR: Young Australian Indigenous children in remote Northern Territory communities suffer excessively high rates of otitis media and remain at high risk of suppurative complications with poor audiological and educational sequelae.
Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from paediatric patients
Terhi Tapiainen,Tiia Kujala,Tarja Kaijalainen,Irma Ikäheimo,Annika Saukkoriipi,Marjo Renko,Jarmo Salo,Maija Leinonen,Matti Uhari +8 more
TL;DR: Tapiainen et al. as discussed by the authors tested whether the ability of pneumococcal clinical isolates to form biofilm in vitro accounts for the diverse clinical outcomes using optical density (OD) values in microtitre plates after crystal violet staining.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atomic-scale interactions between quorum sensing autoinducer molecules and the mucoid P. aeruginosa exopolysaccharide matrix
TL;DR: In this article , a large-scale, calcium cross-linked, multi-chain exopolysaccharide (EPS) molecular model was developed and a combined molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT) approach was used to sample modes of interaction between QSAI molecules and the EPS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-molecular weight chitosan enhances antibacterial effect of antibiotics and permeabilizes cytoplasmic membrane of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm cells.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of low-molecular weight chitosan on Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common colonizer of joint implants and other prosthetic devices, was evaluated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial biofilms : A common cause of persistent infections
TL;DR: Improvements in understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria
Volker Brinkmann,Ulrike Reichard,Christian Goosmann,Beatrix Fauler,Yvonne Uhlemann,David S. Weiss,Yvette Weinrauch,Yvette Weinrauch,Arturo Zychlinsky +8 more
TL;DR: It is described that, upon activation, neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin that together form extracellular fibers that bind Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, which degrade virulence factors and kill bacteria.
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Bacterial biofilms: from the natural environment to infectious diseases.
TL;DR: It is evident that biofilm formation is an ancient and integral component of the prokaryotic life cycle, and is a key factor for survival in diverse environments.
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Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms
TL;DR: It is understood that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems as well as a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health, and that treatments may be based on inhibition of genes involved in cell attachment and biofilm formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms
TL;DR: The features of biofilm infections are summarized, the emerging mechanisms of resistance are reviewed, and potential therapies are discussed.