Inhibition of Ras for cancer treatment: the search continues
TLDR
An overview of past and ongoing strategies to inhibit oncogenic Ras in cancer is presented and genome-wide unbiased genetic screens have identified novel directions for future anti-Ras drug discovery.Abstract:
The RAS oncogenes (HRAS, NRAS and KRAS) comprise the most frequently mutated class of oncogenes in human cancers (33%), thus stimulating intensive effort in developing anti-Ras inhibitors for cancer treatment. Despite intensive effort, to date, no effective anti-Ras strategies have successfully made it to the clinic. We present an overview of past and ongoing strategies to inhibit oncogenic Ras in cancer. Since approaches to directly target mutant Ras have not been successful, most efforts have focused on indirect approaches to block Ras membrane association or downstream effector signaling. While inhibitors of effector signaling are currently under clinical evaluation, genome-wide unbiased genetic screens have identified novel directions for future anti-Ras drug discovery.read more
Citations
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Drugging the undruggable Ras: mission possible?
TL;DR: This Review summarizes the progress and the promise of five key approaches for the development of RAS-inhibitory molecules and addresses the issue of whether blocking RAS membrane association is a viable approach.
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New perspectives for targeting RAF kinase in human cancer
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Eric R. Fearon,Bert Vogelstein +1 more
TL;DR: A model for the genetic basis of colorectal neoplasia that includes the following salient features is presented, which may be applicable to other common epithelial neoplasms, in which tumors of varying stage are more difficult to study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Survival with Vemurafenib in Melanoma with BRAF V600E Mutation
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Bert Vogelstein,Eric R. Fearon,Stanley R. Hamilton,Scott E. Kern,Ann C. Preisinger,Mark Leppert,A M Smits,Johannes L. Bos +7 more
TL;DR: It is found that ras-gene mutations occurred in 58 percent of adenomas larger than 1 cm and in 47 percent of carcinomas, which are consistent with a model of colorectal tumorigenesis in which the steps required for the development of cancer often involve the mutational activation of an oncogene coupled with the loss of several genes that normally suppress tumors.
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BAY 43-9006 Exhibits Broad Spectrum Oral Antitumor Activity and Targets the RAF/MEK/ERK Pathway and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Involved in Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis
Scott Wilhelm,Christopher A. Carter,LiYa Tang,Dean Wilkie,Angela McNabola,Hong Rong,Charles Chen,Xiaomei Zhang,Patrick Vincent,Mark McHugh,Yichen Cao,Jaleel Shujath,Susan Gawlak,Deepa Eveleigh,Bruce Rowley,Li Liu,Lila Adnane,Mark Lynch,Daniel Auclair,Ian W. Taylor,Rich Gedrich,Andrei Voznesensky,Bernd Riedl,Leonard Post,Gideon Bollag,Pamela A. Trail +25 more
TL;DR: Data demonstrate that BAY 43-9006 is a novel dual action RAF kinase and VEGFR inhibitor that targets tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis.