Interaction between flow, transport and vegetation spatial structure
TLDR
In this article, the relative contribution of turbulent stress and canopy drag to the momentum balance of sparse and dense submerged canopies is defined based on the relative contributions of turbulent stresses and canopy drags.Abstract:
This paper summarizes recent advances in vegetation hydrodynamics and uses the new concepts to explore not only how vegetation impacts flow and transport, but also how flow feedbacks can influence vegetation spatial structure. Sparse and dense submerged canopies are defined based on the relative contribution of turbulent stress and canopy drag to the momentum balance. In sparse canopies turbulent stress remains elevated within the canopy and suspended sediment concentration is comparable to that in unvegetated regions. In dense canopies turbulent stress is reduced by canopy drag and suspended sediment concentration is also reduced. Further, for dense canopies, the length-scale of turbulence penetration into the canopy, δe, is shown to predict both the roughness height and the displacement height of the overflow profile. In a second case study, the relation between flow speed and spatial structure of a seagrass meadow gives insight into the stability of different spatial structures, defined by the area fraction covered by vegetation. In the last case study, a momentum balance suggests that in natural channels the total resistance is set predominantly by the area fraction occupied by vegetation, called the blockage factor, with little direct dependence on the specific canopy morphology.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Flow and Transport in Regions with Aquatic Vegetation
TL;DR: In this paper, the mean and turbulent flow and mass transport in the presence of aquatic vegetation is described. But the authors do not consider the effect of canopy-scale vortices on mass transport.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrodynamics of vegetated channels
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight some recent trends in vegetation hydrodynamics, focusing on conditions within channels and spanning spatial scales from individual blades, to canopies or vegetation patches, to the channel reach.
Journal ArticleDOI
Flow-induced reconfiguration of buoyant and flexible aquatic vegetation
Mitul Luhar,Heidi Nepf +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors study the flow-induced reconfiguration of buoyant, flexible aquatic vegetation through a combination of laboratory flume experiments and theoretical modeling, and they find that when the hydrodynamic forcing exceeds the restoring forces, the blades are pushed over by the flow and the quadratic drag law no longer applies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrodynamics of aquatic ecosystems: An interface between ecology, biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics
TL;DR: The Hydrodynamics of Aquatic Ecosystems (HOE) as discussed by the authors is an emerging research area at the interfaces between aquatic ecology, biomechanics and environmental fluid mechanics.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fundamental role of ecological feedback mechanisms for the adaptive management of seagrass ecosystems - a review.
Paul S. Maxwell,Johan S. Eklöf,Marieke M. van Katwijk,Katherine R. O'Brien,Maricela de la Torre-Castro,Christoffer Boström,Tjeerd J. Bouma,Dorte Krause-Jensen,Richard K. F. Unsworth,Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek,Brigitta I. van Tussenbroek,Tjisse van der Heide +11 more
TL;DR: Modelling the interactions among two distinct above‐ and belowground feedbacks is taken to demonstrate that interacting feedbacks are likely to be important for ecosystem resilience, and proposes a five‐step adaptive management plan to address feedback dynamics for effective conservation and restoration strategies.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital
Robert Costanza,Rudolf de Groot,Stephen Farberk,Monica Grasso,Bruce Hannon,Karin E. Limburg,Shahid Naeem,José M. Paruelo,Robert Raskin,Paul Suttonkk,Marjan van den Belt +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations, for the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion (10^(12)) per year, with an average of US $33 trillion per year.
Book
Introduction to percolation theory
Dietrich Stauffer,Amnon Aharony +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling solution for the Bethe lattice is proposed for cluster numbers and a scaling assumption for cluster number scaling assumptions for cluster radius and fractal dimension is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
On density effects and large structure in turbulent mixing layers
Garry L. Brown,Anatol Roshko +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, Spark shadow pictures and measurements of density fluctuations suggest that turbulent mixing and entrainment is a process of entanglement on the scale of the large structures; some statistical properties of the latter are used to obtain an estimate of entrainedment rates, and large changes of the density ratio across the mixing layer were found to have a relatively small effect on the spreading angle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fragmentation and flow regulation of the world's large river systems
Christer Nilsson,Christer Nilsson,Catherine A. Reidy,Catherine A. Reidy,Mats Dynesius,Mats Dynesius,Carmen Revenga,Carmen Revenga +7 more
TL;DR: A global overview of dam-based impacts on large river systems shows that over half (172 out of 292) are affected by dams, including the eight most biogeographically diverse catchments, which can be used to identify ecological risks associated with further impacts onLarge river systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the flow of water in natural and artificial reservoirs and reduce the vulnerability of people living under water stress to seasonal patterns and increasing probability of extreme events.